महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-48, verse-21

ततः शङ्खं प्रदध्मौ स द्विषतां लोमहर्षणम् ।
विस्फार्य च धनुःश्रेष्ठं ध्वजे भूतान्यचोदयत् ॥२१॥

21. tataḥ śaṅkhaṁ pradadhmau sa dviṣatāṁ lomaharṣaṇam ,
visphārya ca dhanuḥśreṣṭhaṁ dhvaje bhūtānyacodayat.

21. tataḥ śaṅkham pradadhmau sa dviṣatām lomaharṣaṇam
visphārya ca dhanuḥśreṣṭham dhvaje bhūtāni acodayat

21. Then, he (Arjuna) blew his conch, which caused the enemies' hair to stand on end. And stretching his supreme bow, he animated the beings (spirits) on his banner.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• शङ्खम् (śaṅkham) - conch shell (conch-shell)

• प्रदध्मौ (pradadhmau) - he blew (he blew, he sounded)

• स (sa) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

• द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of his enemies (of enemies, of haters)

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - causing the hair to stand on end (causing hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying)

• विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having stretched, having drawn (having stretched, having drawn (a bow))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धनुःश्रेष्ठम् (dhanuḥśreṣṭham) - his excellent bow (excellent bow, best bow)

• ध्वजे (dhvaje) - on his banner (on the banner, on the flag)

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - the beings (spirits) (beings, creatures, spirits)

• अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he animated, he urged (he urged, he impelled, he set in motion)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem tad.

शङ्खम् (śaṅkham) - conch shell (conch-shell)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṅkha

śaṅkha - conch-shell, a large pearl, a specific number (ten billion)

Note: Direct object of pradadhmau.

प्रदध्मौ (pradadhmau) - he blew (he blew, he sounded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dhmā

Perfect (Liṭ)

Third person singular perfect active of root dhmā (to blow) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: dhmā (class 1)

Note: Subject is sa (he, Arjuna).

स (sa) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine form of tad.

Note: Subject of pradadhmau and acodayat.

द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of his enemies (of enemies, of haters)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dviṣat

dviṣat - hating, hostile; enemy

Present Active Participle (used as noun)

From root dviṣ (to hate) with suffix śatṛ.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Possessive for lomaharṣaṇam.

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - causing the hair to stand on end (causing hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrific

Compound formed from loman (hair) and harṣaṇa (causing to stand erect, thrilling).

Compound type : tatpurusha (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair, down, wool
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing erection (of hair), thrilling, gladdening
  adjective (neuter)
  Agent Noun / Verbal Adjective
  From causative of root hṛṣ (to be excited) with suffix ana.
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies śaṅkham.

विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having stretched, having drawn (having stretched, having drawn (a bow))

(indeclinable participle)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb acodayat.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions.

धनुःश्रेष्ठम् (dhanuḥśreṣṭham) - his excellent bow (excellent bow, best bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanuḥśreṣṭha

dhanuḥśreṣṭha - excellent bow, best of bows

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dhanus+śreṣṭha)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective (neuter)
  Superlative of praśasya (praiseworthy).

Note: Direct object of visphārya.

ध्वजे (dhvaje) - on his banner (on the banner, on the flag)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

From root dhvaj (to move about).

Root: dhvaj (class 1)

Note: Location where the spirits were.

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - the beings (spirits) (beings, creatures, spirits)

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, ghost, spirit; past, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū (to be, become) with suffix kta.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Direct object of acodayat.

अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he animated, he urged (he urged, he impelled, he set in motion)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cud

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Third person singular imperfect active of causative of root cud (which is codayati).

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Subject is sa (Arjuna).