महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-48, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तथा व्यूढेष्वनीकेषु कौरवेयैर्महारथैः ।
उपायादर्जुनस्तूर्णं रथघोषेण नादयन् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tathā vyūḍheṣvanīkeṣu kauraveyairmahārathaiḥ ,
upāyādarjunastūrṇaṁ rathaghoṣeṇa nādayan.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | tathā vyūḍheṣu anīkeṣu kauraveyaiḥ
mahārathaiḥ | upāyāt arjunaḥ tūrṇam rathaghoṣeṇa nādayan

1. Vaishampayana said: When the armies had thus been arrayed by the great charioteers of the Kauravas, Arjuna swiftly approached, making the ground reverberate with the roar of his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaishampayana (Vaishampayana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - when arrayed (in the arrayed, in the arranged)

• अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the armies (in the armies, in the ranks, in the divisions)

• कौरवेयैः (kauraveyaiḥ) - by the Kauravas (by the Kauravas, by the descendants of Kuru)

• महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by the great charioteers (by the great charioteers, by the great warriors)

• उपायात् (upāyāt) - approached (he approached, came near)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (name))

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly, rapidly)

• रथघोषेण (rathaghoṣeṇa) - with the roar of his chariot (by the sound of the chariot)

• नादयन् (nādayan) - making the ground reverberate (making resound, causing to roar, vibrating)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaishampayana (Vaishampayana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (a celebrated sage, disciple of Vyasa)

Note: Usually introducing narrative.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Past tense for 'he said'.

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a new clause or context.

व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - when arrayed (in the arrayed, in the arranged)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of vyūḍha

vyūḍha - arrayed, arranged, drawn up (in battle order)

Past Passive Participle

From vi-ud-√vah (to draw out, arrange) + -ta suffix. Here from √ūh.

Prefixes: vi+ud

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Modifies anīkeṣu. Forms a locative absolute construction.

अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the armies (in the armies, in the ranks, in the divisions)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, division, ranks

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction.

कौरवेयैः (kauraveyaiḥ) - by the Kauravas (by the Kauravas, by the descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kauraveya

kauraveya - descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

From Kuru + -eya suffix (descendant of).

Note: Agent in the locative absolute.

महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by the great charioteers (by the great charioteers, by the great warriors)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior (capable of fighting 10,000 warriors)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies kauraveyaiḥ.

उपायात् (upāyāt) - approached (he approached, came near)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of upāyā

Imperfect tense (laṅ) of √i (to go) with upasargas upa + ā.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pandava brothers, a heroic archer)

Note: Subject of upāyāt.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly, rapidly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From √tvar (to hasten) + -ṇa suffix. Often used as an adverb.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use of neuter accusative singular.

रथघोषेण (rathaghoṣeṇa) - with the roar of his chariot (by the sound of the chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathaghoṣa

rathaghoṣa - chariot sound, roar of a chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+ghoṣa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• ghoṣa – sound, roar, noise
  noun (masculine)

Note: Means by the sound as instrument.

नादयन् (nādayan) - making the ground reverberate (making resound, causing to roar, vibrating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nādayat

nādayat - making sound, causing to roar, vibrating

Present Active Participle

From causative of √nad (to sound, roar) + -at suffix.

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Modifies arjunaḥ.