महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-48, verse-11

राजानं नात्र पश्यामि गाः समादाय गच्छति ।
दक्षिणं मार्गमास्थाय शङ्के जीवपरायणः ॥११॥

11. rājānaṁ nātra paśyāmi gāḥ samādāya gacchati ,
dakṣiṇaṁ mārgamāsthāya śaṅke jīvaparāyaṇaḥ.

11. rājānam na atra paśyāmi gāḥ samādāya gacchati
dakṣiṇam mārgam āsthāya śaṅke jīvaparāyaṇaḥ

11. I do not see the king here; he is leaving, taking the cows. I suspect he has taken the southern path, intent on saving his life.

Words meanings summery:

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I look

• गाः (gāḥ) - cows

• समादाय (samādāya) - having taken, having seized

• गच्छति (gacchati) - he goes, she goes, it goes

• दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern, right, skillful

• मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, road, way

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having resorted to, having taken up, having followed

• शङ्के (śaṅke) - I suspect, I doubt, I apprehend

• जीवपरायणः (jīvaparāyaṇaḥ) - whose main aim is life, intent on saving one's life

Words meanings and morphology

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, monarch

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I look

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

present stem of dṛś

The present stem paśya is derived from the root dṛś (class 1 bhvādi).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गाः (gāḥ) - cows

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, bull, earth, ray of light, speech

Note: Refers to cattle.

समादाय (samādāya) - having taken, having seized

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix sam + ā + root dā + suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

गच्छति (gacchati) - he goes, she goes, it goes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

present stem of gam

Present stem gaccha from root gam (class 1 bhvādi).

Root: gam (class 1)

दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern, right, skillful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right, clever, skillful, honest

Note: Agrees with mārgam.

मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, road, way

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, street, course

From root mṛg (to search, seek) with ghaṉ suffix.

Root: mṛg (class 6)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having resorted to, having taken up, having followed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix ā + root sthā + suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

शङ्के (śaṅke) - I suspect, I doubt, I apprehend

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śaṅk

present stem of śaṅk

Present stem from root śaṅk (class 1 bhvādi).

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Note: The e ending is characteristic of ātmanepada 1st person singular present tense.

जीवपरायणः (jīvaparāyaṇaḥ) - whose main aim is life, intent on saving one's life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvaparāyaṇa

jīvaparāyaṇa - whose chief aim is life, having life as the ultimate goal

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jīva+parāyaṇa)

• jīva – life, living being, soul
  noun (masculine)
  From root jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – last refuge, ultimate goal, chief aim, engrossed in
  noun (neuter)
  From para (other, supreme) + ayana (going, path, resort).
  Prefix: parā

Note: Predicative adjective for the implied subject (the king).