महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-45, verse-9

कतमद्द्वैरथं युद्धं यत्राजैषीर्धनंजयम् ।
नकुलं सहदेवं च धनं येषां त्वया हृतम् ॥९॥

9. katamaddvairathaṁ yuddhaṁ yatrājaiṣīrdhanaṁjayam ,
nakulaṁ sahadevaṁ ca dhanaṁ yeṣāṁ tvayā hṛtam.

9. katamat dvairatham yuddham yatra ajaiṣīḥ dhanañjayam
nakulam sahadevam ca dhanam yeṣām tvayā hṛtam

9. Which single combat was it, which battle, where you defeated Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva, whose wealth you have seized?

Words meanings summery:

• कतमत् (katamat) - which one (of many)?

• द्वैरथम् (dvairatham) - single combat (between two charioteers), a battle of two chariots

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which (place/case)

• अजैषीः (ajaiṣīḥ) - you conquered, you defeated

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna (Dhananjaya (Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth'))

• नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula (name of a Pāṇḍava brother)

• सहदेवम् (sahadevam) - Sahadeva (name of a Pāṇḍava brother)

• च (ca) - and

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose (referring to Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva) (of whom, whose)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• हृतम् (hṛtam) - taken, stolen, carried away

Words meanings and morphology

कतमत् (katamat) - which one (of many)?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of katama

katama - which (of many), what

Note: Agrees with 'dvairatham' and 'yuddham'

द्वैरथम् (dvairatham) - single combat (between two charioteers), a battle of two chariots

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvairatha

dvairatha - single combat (between two charioteers), a battle of two chariots

derived from `dviratha` (two chariots) with a secondary suffix indicating 'relating to'

Compound type : dvigu (dvi+ratha)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior (on a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root yudh (to fight) used as a noun

Root: yudh (class 4)

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which (place/case)

(indeclinable)

अजैषीः (ajaiṣīḥ) - you conquered, you defeated

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of ji

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to the person being addressed by the speaker (Yudhiṣṭhira speaking to Duryodhana).

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna (Dhananjaya (Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth'))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Arjuna (literally 'conqueror of wealth')

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, triumph, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  derived from the root `ji` (to conquer) with suffix -a
  Root: ji (class 1)

नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula (name of a Pāṇḍava brother)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (a mongoose; name of one of the Pāṇḍava brothers)

सहदेवम् (sahadevam) - Sahadeva (name of a Pāṇḍava brother)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (name of one of the Pāṇḍava brothers, literally 'with gods' or 'having gods with him')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+deva)

• saha – with, together with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, treasure

येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose (referring to Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva) (of whom, whose)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Agrees with the implied plural of the persons mentioned earlier.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular and plural)

हृतम् (hṛtam) - taken, stolen, carried away

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛta

hṛta - taken, stolen, carried away, deprived of

Past Passive Participle

formed from the root hṛ (to seize, to take, to carry) with the past passive participle suffix -ta

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dhanam'