महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-45, verse-5

अधीत्य ब्राह्मणो वेदान्याजयेत यजेत च ।
क्षत्रियो धनुराश्रित्य यजेतैव न याजयेत् ।
वैश्योऽधिगम्य द्रव्याणि ब्रह्मकर्माणि कारयेत् ॥५॥

5. adhītya brāhmaṇo vedānyājayeta yajeta ca ,
kṣatriyo dhanurāśritya yajetaiva na yājayet ,
vaiśyo'dhigamya dravyāṇi brahmakarmāṇi kārayet.

5. adhītya brāhmaṇaḥ vedān yājayeta
yajeta ca kṣatriyaḥ dhanuḥ āśritya
yajeta eva na yājayet vaiśyaḥ
adhigamya dravyāṇi brahmakarmāṇi kārayet

5. Having studied the Vedas, a Brahmin should perform sacrifices and also officiate them. A Kshatriya, relying on his bow (i.e., ruling/protecting), should perform sacrifices himself, but should certainly not officiate them for others. A Vaishya, having acquired wealth, should cause priestly duties to be performed.

Words meanings summery:

• अधीत्य (adhītya) - (having) studied (having studied, having learned)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class)

• वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (sacred texts)

• याजयेत (yājayeta) - should officiate (sacrifices) (should cause to sacrifice, should officiate a sacrifice)

• यजेत (yajeta) - should perform sacrifices (himself) (should sacrifice, should worship)

• च (ca) - and, also

• क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kshatriya (a Kshatriya, a warrior, a member of the ruling class)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - (his) bow (bow, archer's bow)

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - relying on (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, depending on)

• यजेत (yajeta) - should perform sacrifices (himself) (should sacrifice, should worship)

• एव (eva) - only (performs sacrifices himself) (only, indeed, just)

• न (na) - not, no

• याजयेत् (yājayet) - should officiate (for others) (should cause to sacrifice, should officiate a sacrifice)

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaishya (a Vaishya, a member of the merchant/farmer class)

• अधिगम्य (adhigamya) - having acquired (having acquired, having attained, having approached)

• द्रव्याणि (dravyāṇi) - wealth (substances, goods, wealth, materials)

• ब्रह्मकर्माणि (brahmakarmāṇi) - priestly duties (priestly duties, religious rites for Brahmins)

• कारयेत् (kārayet) - should cause to be performed (should cause to be done, should get performed)

Words meanings and morphology

अधीत्य (adhītya) - (having) studied (having studied, having learned)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'i' (class 2) with prefix 'adhi', suffix '-ya' (LyaP). 'ī' is the lengthened form of 'i' in composition.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin (a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the highest social class (varṇa), priestly

Derived from 'brahman'.

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'yajeta' and 'yājayeta'.

वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (sacred texts)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - knowledge, sacred knowledge, especially the four Vedas

Derived from root 'vid' 'to know'.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'adhītya'.

याजयेत (yājayeta) - should officiate (sacrifices) (should cause to sacrifice, should officiate a sacrifice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of yājay

Causative optative active

Causative stem 'yājay-' from root 'yaj' (class 1), optative ending.

Root: yaj (class 1)

यजेत (yajeta) - should perform sacrifices (himself) (should sacrifice, should worship)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of yaj

Optative middle

Root 'yaj' (class 1), optative ending. Middle voice suggests action for oneself.

Root: yaj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a Kshatriya (a Kshatriya, a warrior, a member of the ruling class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class (varṇa)

Derived from 'kṣatra' (rule, dominion).

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Subject of 'yajeta'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - (his) bow (bow, archer's bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arch

Root: dhvan (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āśritya'.

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - relying on (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, depending on)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'śri' (class 1) with prefix 'ā', suffix '-ya' (LyaP).

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

यजेत (yajeta) - should perform sacrifices (himself) (should sacrifice, should worship)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of yaj

Optative middle

Root 'yaj' (class 1), optative ending. Middle voice suggests action for oneself.

Root: yaj (class 1)

एव (eva) - only (performs sacrifices himself) (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphatic particle.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'yājayet'.

याजयेत् (yājayet) - should officiate (for others) (should cause to sacrifice, should officiate a sacrifice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of yājay

Causative optative active

Causative stem 'yājay-' from root 'yaj' (class 1), optative ending.

Root: yaj (class 1)

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaishya (a Vaishya, a member of the merchant/farmer class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the merchant/farmer class (varṇa)

Derived from 'viś' (people).

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Subject of 'kārayet'.

अधिगम्य (adhigamya) - having acquired (having acquired, having attained, having approached)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'gam' (class 1) with prefix 'adhi', suffix '-ya' (LyaP).

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

द्रव्याणि (dravyāṇi) - wealth (substances, goods, wealth, materials)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dravya

dravya - substance, thing, object, wealth, material

Derived from 'dru' (to run/flow), related to what is fluid/movable.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Object of 'adhigamya'.

ब्रह्मकर्माणि (brahmakarmāṇi) - priestly duties (priestly duties, religious rites for Brahmins)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of brahmakarma

brahmakarma - priestly duties, religious acts for or by Brahmins

Compound of 'brahman' (Brahmin) and 'karma' (duties).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+karma)

• brahman – Brahmin, sacred word, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• karma – action, duty, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'kṛ' 'to do'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kārayet'.

कारयेत् (kārayet) - should cause to be performed (should cause to be done, should get performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of kārayet

Causative optative active

Causative stem 'kāraya-' from root 'kṛ' (class 8), optative ending.

Root: kṛ (class 8)