महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-45, verse-12

मूलमेषां महत्कृत्तं सारार्थी चन्दनं यथा ।
कर्म कारयिथाः शूर तत्र किं विदुरोऽब्रवीत् ॥१२॥

12. mūlameṣāṁ mahatkṛttaṁ sārārthī candanaṁ yathā ,
karma kārayithāḥ śūra tatra kiṁ viduro'bravīt.

12. mūlam eṣām mahat kṛttam sārārthī candanam yathā
karma kārayithāḥ śūra tatra kim viduraḥ abravīt

12. Their great root was severed, just as sandalwood is cut for its essence. O hero, you caused these deeds (karma) to be done. What did Vidura say there?

Words meanings summery:

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to the Pāṇḍavas, implicitly) (of these, their)

• महत् (mahat) - great, mighty, large

• कृत्तम् (kṛttam) - cut, severed, divided

• सारार्थी (sārārthī) - like one cuts for the essence of sandalwood (one seeking essence, for the sake of essence)

• चन्दनम् (candanam) - sandalwood

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

• कर्म (karma) - these specific actions or events (action, deed, work, (karma))

• कारयिथाः (kārayithāḥ) - you caused to do, you made perform, you brought about

• शूर (śūra) - O hero (referring to the addressee, likely Duryodhana, sarcastically or ironically) (O hero, O valiant one)

• तत्र (tatra) - at that point, in that situation (there, then)

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura, the wise younger brother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Vidura)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, base, foundation

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to the Pāṇḍavas, implicitly) (of these, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Used here in masculine plural genitive, referring to persons.

महत् (mahat) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive

Note: Agrees with 'mūlam'

कृत्तम् (kṛttam) - cut, severed, divided

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛtta

kṛtta - cut, cut off, severed, divided

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √kṛt (to cut, divide)

Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'mūlam'

सारार्थी (sārārthī) - like one cuts for the essence of sandalwood (one seeking essence, for the sake of essence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārārthin

sārārthin - seeking essence, desirous of the best part

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāra+arthin)

• sāra – essence, pith, best part, strength
  noun (masculine)
• arthin – seeking, desirous of, supplicant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: arth (class 1)

चन्दनम् (candanam) - sandalwood

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of candana

candana - sandalwood tree or its fragrant wood/paste

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which way

(indeclinable)

कर्म (karma) - these specific actions or events (action, deed, work, (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, rite, (karma), destiny resulting from actions

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kārayithāḥ'

कारयिथाः (kārayithāḥ) - you caused to do, you made perform, you brought about

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist (luṅ) of kārayi

Causative stem

Causative of √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: This specific form can be interpreted as 2nd person singular Aorist Middle.

शूर (śūra) - O hero (referring to the addressee, likely Duryodhana, sarcastically or ironically) (O hero, O valiant one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, valiant, brave

तत्र (tatra) - at that point, in that situation (there, then)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what, why

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who; why, wherefore

Interrogative pronoun/adverb

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura, the wise younger brother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Vidura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (lit. 'wise'), the half-brother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Pāṇḍu

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Root: bru (class 2)