महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-41, verse-8

ततस्ते जवना धुर्या जानुभ्यामगमन्महीम् ।
उत्तरश्चापि संत्रस्तो रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् ॥८॥

8. tataste javanā dhuryā jānubhyāmagamanmahīm ,
uttaraścāpi saṁtrasto rathopastha upāviśat.

8. tataḥ te javanāḥ dhuryāḥ jānubhyām agaman mahīm
uttaraḥ ca api saṃtrastaḥ rathopasthe upāviśat

8. Then, those swift leading horses collapsed to the ground on their knees. And Uttara, greatly terrified, sat down in the chariot's seat.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• ते (te) - Refers to the horses (those)

• जवनाः (javanāḥ) - swift, quick

• धुर्याः (dhuryāḥ) - The leading horses (yoked to the pole, leading (horse), chief, foremost)

• जानुभ्याम् (jānubhyām) - with (their two) knees, on (their two) knees

• अगमन् (agaman) - collapsed or fell (to the ground) (went, moved, attained)

• महीम् (mahīm) - earth, ground

• उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - Uttara (proper name)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even

• संत्रस्तः (saṁtrastaḥ) - greatly frightened, terrified, agitated

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot's seat, in the interior of the chariot

• उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - sat down, took a seat

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - Refers to the horses (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

जवनाः (javanāḥ) - swift, quick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of javana

javana - swift, quick

Root: ju (class 1)

Note: Qualifies dhuryāḥ

धुर्याः (dhuryāḥ) - The leading horses (yoked to the pole, leading (horse), chief, foremost)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhurya

dhurya - yoked to the pole, leading (horse), chief, foremost

जानुभ्याम् (jānubhyām) - with (their two) knees, on (their two) knees

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of jānu

jānu - knee

अगमन् (agaman) - collapsed or fell (to the ground) (went, moved, attained)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

महीम् (mahīm) - earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground

उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - Uttara (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttara

uttara - Uttara (proper name), northern, later

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

संत्रस्तः (saṁtrastaḥ) - greatly frightened, terrified, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtrasta

saṁtrasta - greatly frightened, terrified, agitated

Past Passive Participle

From root tras (to tremble) with sam prefix

Prefix: sam

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Qualifies uttaraḥ

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot's seat, in the interior of the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot seat, interior of the chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – seat, lap, interior
  noun (masculine)

उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - sat down, took a seat

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upa-viś

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)