महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-41, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
उत्तरं सारथिं कृत्वा शमीं कृत्वा प्रदक्षिणम् ।
आयुधं सर्वमादाय ततः प्रायाद्धनंजयः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
uttaraṁ sārathiṁ kṛtvā śamīṁ kṛtvā pradakṣiṇam ,
āyudhaṁ sarvamādāya tataḥ prāyāddhanaṁjayaḥ.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca uttaram sārathim kṛtvā śamīm kṛtvā
pradakṣiṇam āyudham sarvam ādāya tataḥ prāyāt dhanaṃjayaḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having made Uttara his charioteer and having circumambulated the śamī tree, Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna) then took all his weapons and set out.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - Prince Uttara, son of King Virāṭa (Uttara)

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done, having appointed

• शमीम् (śamīm) - the śamī tree

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done, having performed

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - clockwise circumambulation, turning to the right

• आयुधम् (āyudham) - weapon, implement

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having seized

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - departed, set out, went forth

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna, who is known as Dhanaṃjaya, 'conqueror of wealth'. (Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active 3rd singular

Root 'vac' (class 2) in perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular. Irregular form.

Root: vac (class 2)

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - Prince Uttara, son of King Virāṭa (Uttara)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttara

uttara - Uttara (name of a prince of Virāṭa); north; later, higher

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā' (made whom into what).

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Derived from 'sa-ratha' (having a chariot).

Note: Complement of 'kṛtvā' (made Uttara *as* charioteer).

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done, having appointed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from the root 'kṛ' (class 8) with the suffix '-tvā'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शमीम् (śamīm) - the śamī tree

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śamī

śamī - the śamī tree (Prosopis cineraria, Acacia suma), a sacred tree often associated with hiding weapons

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā pradakṣiṇam' (performing circumambulation to the śamī tree).

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from the root 'kṛ' (class 8) with the suffix '-tvā'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - clockwise circumambulation, turning to the right

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - clockwise, moving to the right, auspicious circumambulation

Compound of 'pra' (forward, auspicious) and 'dakṣiṇa' (right).

Note: Direct object of 'kṛtvā' meaning 'to perform'.

आयुधम् (āyudham) - weapon, implement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyudha

āyudha - weapon, arm, implement, instrument

From the root 'yudh' (to fight) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'ādāya'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire, universal

Note: Agrees in gender, number, and case with 'āyudham'.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having seized

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from the root 'dā' (class 3) with prefix 'ā' and suffix '-ya' (lyap).

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from the pronoun 'tad'.

Note: Connects sequential actions.

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - departed, set out, went forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Imperfect active 3rd singular

Root 'i' (class 2) with prefix 'pra' and augment 'ā' in imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna, who is known as Dhanaṃjaya, 'conqueror of wealth'. (Dhanaṃjaya (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna)

Compound of 'dhana' (wealth) and 'jaya' (conqueror).

Note: Subject of 'prāyāt'.