महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-41, verse-22

गोमायुरेष सेनाया रुवन्मध्येऽनुधावति ।
अनाहतश्च निष्क्रान्तो महद्वेदयते भयम् ।
भवतां रोमकूपाणि प्रहृष्टान्युपलक्षये ॥२२॥

22. gomāyureṣa senāyā ruvanmadhye'nudhāvati ,
anāhataśca niṣkrānto mahadvedayate bhayam ,
bhavatāṁ romakūpāṇi prahṛṣṭānyupalakṣaye.

22. gomāyuḥ eṣaḥ senāyāḥ ruvan madhye
anu dhāvati | anāhataḥ ca niṣkrāntaḥ
mahat vedayate bhayam | bhavatām
romakūpāṇi prahṛṣṭāni upalakṣaye

22. This jackal is howling and running through the middle of the army. It has come out unprovoked, indicating great fear. I observe your body hairs standing on end.

Words meanings summery:

• गोमायुः (gomāyuḥ) - jackal

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

• सेनायाः (senāyāḥ) - of the army

• रुवन् (ruvan) - howling, crying, making a sound

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst

• अनु (anu) - after, along, towards, through

• धावति (dhāvati) - runs

• अनाहतः (anāhataḥ) - unstruck, unhurt, unprovoked

• च (ca) - and, also

• निष्क्रान्तः (niṣkrāntaḥ) - gone out, issued forth, departed

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, vast

• वेदयते (vedayate) - causes to know, makes known, indicates

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread, danger

• भवताम् (bhavatām) - of your good selves, of you (honorific)

• रोमकूपाणि (romakūpāṇi) - hair-pores, hairs of the body

• प्रहृष्टानि (prahṛṣṭāni) - standing on end (of body hairs) (thrilled, bristling, standing on end (of hairs))

• उपलक्षये (upalakṣaye) - I observe, I perceive, I notice

Words meanings and morphology

गोमायुः (gomāyuḥ) - jackal

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gomāyu

gomāyu - jackal

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this (pronoun or demonstrative adjective)

सेनायाः (senāyāḥ) - of the army

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, forces

रुवन् (ruvan) - howling, crying, making a sound

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ruvat

ruvat - howling, crying, making a sound

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √ru

Root: ru (class 2)

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst

(indeclinable)

अनु (anu) - after, along, towards, through

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used as a verbal prefix

धावति (dhāvati) - runs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of dhāv

Root: dhāv (class 1)

अनाहतः (anāhataḥ) - unstruck, unhurt, unprovoked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anāhata

anāhata - unstruck, unhurt, unprovoked, pure, fresh

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negative (na) of past passive participle of √han with prefix ā

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+āhata)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• āhata – struck, beaten, hurt, provoked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √han with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: han (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निष्क्रान्तः (niṣkrāntaḥ) - gone out, issued forth, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣkrānta

niṣkrānta - gone out, departed, issued forth

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √kram with prefix nis

Prefix: nis

Root: kram (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, vast

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

वेदयते (vedayate) - causes to know, makes known, indicates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vedaya

Causative verb

Causative stem of √vid

Root: vid (class 2)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread, danger

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror, danger

भवताम् (bhavatām) - of your good selves, of you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of bhavat

bhavat - you, your honor (honorific second person pronoun)

Present Active Participle (honorific)

Present active participle of √bhū, used as an honorific pronoun

Root: bhū (class 1)

रोमकूपाणि (romakūpāṇi) - hair-pores, hairs of the body

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of romakūpa

romakūpa - hair-pore, hair of the body

Compound type : tatpurusha (roman+kūpa)

• roman – hair (on the body)
  noun (neuter)
• kūpa – well, pit, hole
  noun (masculine)

प्रहृष्टानि (prahṛṣṭāni) - standing on end (of body hairs) (thrilled, bristling, standing on end (of hairs))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - thrilled, delighted, bristling (hairs)

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √hṛṣ with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

उपलक्षये (upalakṣaye) - I observe, I perceive, I notice

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (lat) of upalakṣ

Prefix: upa

Root: lakṣ (class 1)