महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-1, verse-5

द्वादशेमानि वर्षाणि राष्ट्राद्विप्रोषिता वयम् ।
त्रयोदशोऽयं संप्राप्तः कृच्छ्रः परमदुर्वसः ॥५॥

5. dvādaśemāni varṣāṇi rāṣṭrādviproṣitā vayam ,
trayodaśo'yaṁ saṁprāptaḥ kṛcchraḥ paramadurvasaḥ.

5. dvādaśa imāni varṣāṇi rāṣṭrāt vipraṣitāḥ vayam
trayodaśaḥ ayam samprāptaḥ kṛcchraḥ paramadurvasaḥ

5. We have been exiled from our kingdom for these twelve years. Now, this thirteenth year, which is extremely difficult to endure, has arrived.

Words meanings summery:

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• इमानि (imāni) - these

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• राष्ट्रात् (rāṣṭrāt) - from the kingdom, from the country

• विप्रषिताः (vipraṣitāḥ) - exiled, separated, gone away

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• त्रयोदशः (trayodaśaḥ) - thirteenth

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• सम्प्राप्तः (samprāptaḥ) - arrived, attained

• कृच्छ्रः (kṛcchraḥ) - difficult, hard, distressed

• परमदुर्वसः (paramadurvasaḥ) - extremely difficult to dwell in/pass through

Words meanings and morphology

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of dvādaśa

dvādaśa - twelve

इमानि (imāni) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of idam

idam - this, these

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon season

राष्ट्रात् (rāṣṭrāt) - from the kingdom, from the country

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, country, realm, nation

विप्रषिताः (vipraṣitāḥ) - exiled, separated, gone away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipraṣita

vipraṣita - exiled, separated, departed, gone abroad

Past Passive Participle

From prefix vi- + pra- + root vas (to dwell) + kta suffix

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: vas (class 1)

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

त्रयोदशः (trayodaśaḥ) - thirteenth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of trayodaśa

trayodaśa - thirteenth

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

सम्प्राप्तः (samprāptaḥ) - arrived, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - arrived, attained, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam- + pra- + root āp (to obtain) + kta suffix.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

कृच्छ्रः (kṛcchraḥ) - difficult, hard, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, hard, painful, distressing, trouble, misery

परमदुर्वसः (paramadurvasaḥ) - extremely difficult to dwell in/pass through

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramadurvasa

paramadurvasa - extremely difficult to dwell in, very difficult to endure/pass through

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+durvasa)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• durvasa – difficult to dwell in, difficult to live through
  adjective (masculine)
  From prefix dur- (difficult) + root vas (to dwell) + a suffix
  Prefix: dur
  Root: vas (class 1)