महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-1, verse-16

अर्जुन उवाच ।
नरदेव कथं कर्म राष्ट्रे तस्य करिष्यसि ।
विराटनृपतेः साधो रंस्यसे केन कर्मणा ॥१६॥

16. arjuna uvāca ,
naradeva kathaṁ karma rāṣṭre tasya kariṣyasi ,
virāṭanṛpateḥ sādho raṁsyase kena karmaṇā.

16. arjunaḥ uvāca naradeva katham karma rāṣṭre tasya
kariṣyasi virāṭanṛpateḥ sādho raṃsyase kena karmaṇā

16. Arjuna said: "O king (naradeva), how will you perform your duty (karma) in his kingdom? O good one (sādho), by what task (karma) will you live for King Virāṭa?"

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (name of Pāṇḍava prince)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• नरदेव (naradeva) - address to Yudhiṣṭhira (O king of men, O king)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• कर्म (karma) - the specific role or duty (action, deed, work, duty (karma))

• राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in Virāṭa's kingdom (in the kingdom, in the country)

• तस्य (tasya) - of King Virāṭa (his, of him)

• करिष्यसि (kariṣyasi) - you will do, you will perform

• विराटनृपतेः (virāṭanṛpateḥ) - of King Virāṭa

• साधो (sādho) - address to Yudhiṣṭhira (O good one, O righteous one)

• रंस्यसे (raṁsyase) - you will live, you will reside (implying 'pass your time') (you will enjoy, you will dwell, you will amuse yourself)

• केन (kena) - by what, with what

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by what specific work/task (by action, by deed, by task (karma))

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (name of Pāṇḍava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (the Pāṇḍava prince); white, silver

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ), irregular formation

Root: vac (class 2)

नरदेव (naradeva) - address to Yudhiṣṭhira (O king of men, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naradeva

naradeva - king of men, sovereign

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (nara+deva)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• deva – god, divine being; king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)

Note: A common address for kings.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

कर्म (karma) - the specific role or duty (action, deed, work, duty (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, duty, fate, ritual

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kariṣyasi'.

राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in Virāṭa's kingdom (in the kingdom, in the country)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, country

तस्य (tasya) - of King Virāṭa (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Virāṭa.

करिष्यसि (kariṣyasi) - you will do, you will perform

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is 'tvam' (you, Yudhiṣṭhira).

विराटनृपतेः (virāṭanṛpateḥ) - of King Virāṭa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of virāṭanṛpati

virāṭanṛpati - King Virāṭa

Compound type : karmadhāraya (virāṭa+nṛpati)

• virāṭa – King Virāṭa
  proper noun (masculine)
• nṛpati – king, lord of men
  noun (masculine)

साधो (sādho) - address to Yudhiṣṭhira (O good one, O righteous one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous; a good man, saint

Note: Qualifies Yudhiṣṭhira.

रंस्यसे (raṁsyase) - you will live, you will reside (implying 'pass your time') (you will enjoy, you will dwell, you will amuse yourself)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of ram

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'tvam' (you, Yudhiṣṭhira).

केन (kena) - by what, with what

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Agrees with 'karmaṇā'.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by what specific work/task (by action, by deed, by task (karma))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, duty, fate, ritual

Root: kṛ (class 8)