महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-1, verse-10

एतेषां कतमो राजन्निवासस्तव रोचते ।
वत्स्यामो यत्र राजेन्द्र संवत्सरमिमं वयम् ॥१०॥

10. eteṣāṁ katamo rājannivāsastava rocate ,
vatsyāmo yatra rājendra saṁvatsaramimaṁ vayam.

10. eteṣām katamaḥ rājan nivāsaḥ tava rocate |
vatsyāmaḥ yatra rājendra saṃvatsaram imam vayam

10. O King (rājan), which of these residences is agreeable to you? O King of Kings (rājendra), we will reside for this year wherever that may be.

10. איזה מהם, הו מלך, נראה לך למגורים? הו מלך המלכים, באיזה מהם נגור כל השנה הזו?

Words meanings summery:

• एतेषाम् (eteṣām) - of these kingdoms/places (of these)

• कतमः (katamaḥ) - which one, who (among many)

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira (O king)

• निवासः (nivāsaḥ) - residence, dwelling, abode

• तव (tava) - your, to you

• रोचते (rocate) - is agreeable (to you) (pleases, is agreeable, shines)

• वत्स्यामः (vatsyāmaḥ) - we will dwell, we will reside

• यत्र (yatra) - where, wherever, in which place

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira. (O King of Kings, O Emperor)

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for the duration of a year (year)

• इमम् (imam) - this current year (this)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

Words meanings and morphology

एतेषाम् (eteṣām) - of these kingdoms/places (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the previously mentioned janapadāḥ

कतमः (katamaḥ) - which one, who (among many)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of katama

katama - which (of many), who

Superlative affix -tama added to 'ka' (who/what)

Note: Refers to 'nivāsaḥ'

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Term of address

निवासः (nivāsaḥ) - residence, dwelling, abode

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivāsa

nivāsa - residence, dwelling, abode, stay

From ni-vas (to dwell)

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'rocate'

तव (tava) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Dative sense with 'rocate' (pleases to you)

रोचते (rocate) - is agreeable (to you) (pleases, is agreeable, shines)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ruc

Present Middle

3rd person singular, Atmanepada

Root: ruc (class 1)

वत्स्यामः (vatsyāmaḥ) - we will dwell, we will reside

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of vas

Future Active

1st person plural, Parasmaipada

Root: vas (class 1)

यत्र (yatra) - where, wherever, in which place

(indeclinable)

Note: Relative adverb of place

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira. (O King of Kings, O Emperor)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, emperor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra (the deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Term of address

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for the duration of a year (year)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

Note: Indicates duration

इमम् (imam) - this current year (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Qualifies 'saṃvatsaram'

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'vatsyāmaḥ'

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