महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-1, verse-4

ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा धर्मपुत्रो महामनाः ।
संनिवर्त्यानुजान्सर्वानिति होवाच भारत ॥४॥

4. tato yudhiṣṭhiro rājā dharmaputro mahāmanāḥ ,
saṁnivartyānujānsarvāniti hovāca bhārata.

4. tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ rājā dharmaputraḥ mahāmanāḥ
saṃnivartya anujān sarvān iti ha uvāca bhārata

4. Thereafter, King Yudhiṣṭhira, the magnanimous son of Dharma (the deity), having dismissed all his younger brothers, spoke as follows, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, who was born from the deity Dharma (son of natural law (dharma), son of Dharma (the deity))

• महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - magnanimous, great-minded, high-souled

• संनिवर्त्य (saṁnivartya) - having turned back, having dismissed, having sent away

• अनुजान् (anujān) - the Pāṇḍava brothers younger than Yudhiṣṭhira (younger brothers)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

• इति (iti) - marks the beginning of a direct speech (thus, so, in this way)

• ह (ha) - an emphatic particle, often archaic (indeed, surely)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भारत (bhārata) - O King Janamejaya (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

From pronoun `tad` + suffix `tas`

Note: Sandhi form of `tatas` before voiced consonant (becomes `tato` or `tataḥ`).

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

From `yudhi` (in battle) + `sthira` (firm); "firm in battle".

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative singular of `yudh` (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: In apposition to Yudhiṣṭhira.

धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, who was born from the deity Dharma (son of natural law (dharma), son of Dharma (the deity))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of natural law (dharma), son of Dharma (the deity)

Compound of `dharma` and `putra` (son)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+putra)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, Dharma (deity)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: In apposition to Yudhiṣṭhira.

महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - magnanimous, great-minded, high-souled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmanas

mahāmanas - great-minded, magnanimous, high-souled

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `manas` (mind, spirit).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+manas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• manas – mind, intellect, spirit, heart
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: In apposition to Yudhiṣṭhira.

संनिवर्त्य (saṁnivartya) - having turned back, having dismissed, having sent away

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of the causative of √vṛt with prefixes `sam-` and `ni-`. Causative `vartayati` means to cause to turn, to dismiss.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

अनुजान् (anujān) - the Pāṇḍava brothers younger than Yudhiṣṭhira (younger brothers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anuja

anuja - younger brother, born after

Compound of `anu` (after) and `ja` (born from √jan).

Compound type : tatpurusha (anu+ja)

• anu – after, along, following
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of `saṃnivartya`.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with `anujān`.

इति (iti) - marks the beginning of a direct speech (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

ह (ha) - an emphatic particle, often archaic (indeed, surely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often combined with `uvāca` to form `hovāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

भारत (bhārata) - O King Janamejaya (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, an Indian, a countryman

Patronymic from Bharata.

Root: bhṛ

Note: Addressed to the listener, King Janamejaya.