महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-85, verse-7

यदर्थं पुरुषव्याघ्र कीर्तयन्ति पुरातनाः ।
एष्टव्या बहवः पुत्रा यद्येकोऽपि गयां व्रजेत् ॥७॥

7. yadarthaṁ puruṣavyāghra kīrtayanti purātanāḥ ,
eṣṭavyā bahavaḥ putrā yadyeko'pi gayāṁ vrajet.

7. yadartham puruṣavyāghra kīrtayanti purātanāḥ
eṣṭavyāḥ bahavaḥ putrāḥ yadi ekaḥ api gayām vrajet

7. O tiger among men, it is for this reason that the ancients declare: 'Many sons should be desired, in the hope that even one of them might go to Gaya.'

Words meanings summery:

• यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for this reason (for which purpose, for what reason)

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - an address to a king or noble person (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• कीर्तयन्ति (kīrtayanti) - they proclaim, they declare, they praise

• पुरातनाः (purātanāḥ) - the ancients, the old ones

• एष्टव्याः (eṣṭavyāḥ) - should be desired, should be sought

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• यदि (yadi) - if

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• गयाम् (gayām) - to Gaya

• व्रजेत् (vrajet) - should go, may go

Words meanings and morphology

यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for this reason (for which purpose, for what reason)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yat+artha)

• yat – which, what
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - an address to a king or noble person (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men (puruṣa)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – person, man, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

कीर्तयन्ति (kīrtayanti) - they proclaim, they declare, they praise

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kīrt

causative/denomative from kīrti

Root: kīrt (class 10)

पुरातनाः (purātanāḥ) - the ancients, the old ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, former

एष्टव्याः (eṣṭavyāḥ) - should be desired, should be sought

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of eṣṭavya

eṣṭavya - to be desired, to be sought

Gerundive

from root iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 4)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one

(numeral)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

गयाम् (gayām) - to Gaya

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gaya

gaya - Gaya (a sacred city/mountain for ancestral rites)

Note: Refers to Gaya Kshetra, a sacred feminine entity, hence the feminine ending.

व्रजेत् (vrajet) - should go, may go

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of vraj

Root: vraj (class 1)