महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-8, verse-15

उवाच परमक्रुद्ध उद्यम्यात्मानमात्मना ।
अहो मम मतं यत्तन्निबोधत नराधिपाः ॥१५॥

15. uvāca paramakruddha udyamyātmānamātmanā ,
aho mama mataṁ yattannibodhata narādhipāḥ.

15. uvāca paramakruddhaḥ udyamya ātmānam ātmanā
aho mama matam yat tat nibodhata narādhipāḥ

15. Exceedingly angry, he spoke, rousing his own self (ātman) by his own will (ātman): 'O rulers of men, understand what my intention is!'

Words meanings summery:

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• परमक्रुद्धः (paramakruddhaḥ) - exceedingly angry, very furious

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having roused, having raised, having lifted up

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, mind)

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - by his own will (ātman) (by oneself, by the self, by one's own will)

• अहो (aho) - O! (O!, Alas!, indeed)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• मतम् (matam) - my intention (opinion, thought, intention, belief)

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• निबोधत (nibodhata) - understand, know, perceive (you all)

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - O kings, O rulers of men

Words meanings and morphology

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' in perfect tense (liṭ-lakāra), 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

परमक्रुद्धः (paramakruddhaḥ) - exceedingly angry, very furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramakruddha

paramakruddha - exceedingly angry, highly enraged

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+kruddha)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• kruddha – angry, enraged, furious
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'krudh' with the suffix '-ta'.
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies the implied subject of 'uvāca'.

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having roused, having raised, having lifted up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'yam' with the prefix 'ud', forming an absolutive suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, mind)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, mind, essence, the individual soul (ātman)

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by his own will (ātman) (by oneself, by the self, by one's own will)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, mind, essence, the individual soul (ātman)

अहो (aho) - O! (O!, Alas!, indeed)

(indeclinable)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

मतम् (matam) - my intention (opinion, thought, intention, belief)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - opinion, thought, doctrine, intention; (PPP) thought, considered, approved

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from the root 'man' with the suffix '-ta'.

Root: man (class 4)

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निबोधत (nibodhata) - understand, know, perceive (you all)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of nībudh

Imperative Active

Root 'budh' with prefix 'ni', in imperative mood (loṭ-lakāra), 2nd person plural.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - O kings, O rulers of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)