महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-8, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
श्रुत्वा च विदुरं प्राप्तं राज्ञा च परिसान्त्वितम् ।
धृतराष्ट्रात्मजो राजा पर्यतप्यत दुर्मतिः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
śrutvā ca viduraṁ prāptaṁ rājñā ca parisāntvitam ,
dhṛtarāṣṭrātmajo rājā paryatapyata durmatiḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca śrutvā ca viduram prāptam rājñā ca
parisāntvitam dhṛtarāṣṭrātmajaḥ rājā paryatapyata durmatiḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "And having heard that Vidura had arrived and been thoroughly consoled by the King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), the ill-minded king, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's son (Duryodhana), was greatly distressed."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of the narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• च (ca) - and

• विदुरम् (viduram) - Vidura

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - arrived, obtained

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (by the king)

• च (ca) - and

• परिसान्त्वितम् (parisāntvitam) - thoroughly consoled, pacified

• धृतराष्ट्रात्मजः (dhṛtarāṣṭrātmajaḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• राजा (rājā) - Duryodhana (the king, ruler)

• पर्यतप्यत (paryatapyata) - he grieved greatly, he tormented himself, was distressed

• दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded, ill-intentioned

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of the narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vyāsa's disciple, narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect indicative (lit) of vac

Perfect active indicative

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada (irregular perfect formation).

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root śru + suffix tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: The agent is rājā (Duryodhana).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects śrutvā with the context.

विदुरम् (viduram) - Vidura

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (half-brother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Pāṇḍu)

From vi + root dur (to split/pierce) or related to vid (to know).

Note: Object of śrutvā (implied 'that Vidura').

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - arrived, obtained

(Past Passive Participle)

Note: Predicate of viduram. Agrees with viduram.

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj

Note: Agent of parisāntvitam.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects prāptam and parisāntvitam.

परिसान्त्वितम् (parisāntvitam) - thoroughly consoled, pacified

(Past Passive Participle)

Note: Predicate of viduram. Agrees with viduram.

धृतराष्ट्रात्मजः (dhṛtarāṣṭrātmajaḥ) - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭrātmaja

dhṛtarāṣṭrātmaja - son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (i.e., Duryodhana)

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhṛtarāṣṭra+ātmaja)

• dhṛtarāṣṭra – Dhṛtarāṣṭra
  proper noun (masculine)
  Bahuvrīhi compound, 'one who holds the kingdom'.
• ātmaja – son, born from oneself
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of ātman + ja (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of paryatapyata.

राजा (rājā) - Duryodhana (the king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj

Note: Epithet for Duryodhana.

पर्यतप्यत (paryatapyata) - he grieved greatly, he tormented himself, was distressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect indicative (laṅ) of paritap

Imperfect middle indicative

3rd person singular, Ātmanepada, from pari + ati + root tap.

Prefixes: pari+ati

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: The augment a is prefixed.

दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded, ill-intentioned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - evil-minded, ill-intentioned, foolish, wicked

Bahuvrīhi compound. i-stem adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+mati)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  prefix
  Negative/pejorative prefix.
• mati – mind, thought, intention, intelligence
  noun (feminine)
  From root man (to think) + suffix ti.
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Describes Duryodhana.