महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-74, verse-17

त्वया तु धर्मभृच्छ्रेष्ठे शापेनाभिहतः पुरा ।
वनस्थया दुःखितया शोचन्त्या मां विवाससम् ॥१७॥

17. tvayā tu dharmabhṛcchreṣṭhe śāpenābhihataḥ purā ,
vanasthayā duḥkhitayā śocantyā māṁ vivāsasam.

17. tvayā tu dharmabhṛt śreṣṭhe śāpena abhihataḥ purā
vanasthayā duḥkhitayā śocantyā mām vivāsasam

17. However, by you, O best upholder of (dharma) natural law, I was struck by a curse in the past – a curse pronounced by you who were dwelling in the forest, distressed and grieving for me, who was then exiled.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• धर्मभृत् (dharmabhṛt) - upholder of natural law (dharma)

• श्रेष्ठे (śreṣṭhe) - O best, O excellent one

• शापेन (śāpena) - by a curse

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, afflicted

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in the past

• वनस्थया (vanasthayā) - by one dwelling in the forest

• दुःखितया (duḥkhitayā) - by the distressed one, by one suffering

• शोचन्त्या (śocantyā) - by the grieving one, by one lamenting

• माम् (mām) - me

• विवाससम् (vivāsasam) - homeless, exiled

Words meanings and morphology

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

धर्मभृत् (dharmabhṛt) - upholder of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of natural law (dharma)

From `dharma` and `bhṛ` (to bear/uphold). Agent noun. Adjective form as well.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to support, uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, upholding, maintaining
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √bhṛ (to bear, carry)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Part of a compound vocative.

श्रेष्ठे (śreṣṭhe) - O best, O excellent one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of śreṣṭhā

śreṣṭhā - best, most excellent, supreme

Superlative of `praśasya` (praiseworthy)

Root: praśas

Note: It qualifies the addressee (Earth/Dharma).

शापेन (śāpena) - by a curse

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation

From `√śap` (to curse)

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Instrument of `abhihataḥ`.

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, afflicted, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from `abhi-√han` (to strike, smite)

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the speaker ("I").

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in the past

(indeclinable)

वनस्थया (vanasthayā) - by one dwelling in the forest

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vanasthā

vanasthā - dwelling in the forest

From `vana` (forest) + `sthā` (standing/dwelling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+sthā)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• sthā – standing, staying, dwelling
  adjective (feminine)
  From √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tvayā`.

दुःखितया (duḥkhitayā) - by the distressed one, by one suffering

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of duḥkhitā

duḥkhitā - distressed, sorrowful, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Derived from `duḥkhin` (suffering) or directly from `duḥkha` (sorrow) + `ita` suffix

Note: Qualifies `tvayā`.

शोचन्त्या (śocantyā) - by the grieving one, by one lamenting

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śocatī

śocatī - grieving, lamenting, mourning

Present Active Participle

Feminine form of `śocat`, derived from `√śuc` (to grieve, lament) + `at` suffix

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tvayā`.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of `śocantyā`.

विवाससम् (vivāsasam) - homeless, exiled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vivāsas

vivāsas - without a dwelling, exiled, homeless

From `vi` (without) + `vāsas` (dwelling/home)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+vāsas)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• vāsas – dwelling, abode, home
  noun (neuter)
  From √vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `mām`.