महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-74, verse-17

त्वया तु धर्मभृच्छ्रेष्ठे शापेनाभिहतः पुरा ।
वनस्थया दुःखितया शोचन्त्या मां विवाससम् ॥१७॥

17. tvayā tu dharmabhṛcchreṣṭhe śāpenābhihataḥ purā ,
vanasthayā duḥkhitayā śocantyā māṁ vivāsasam.

17. tvayā tu dharmabhṛt śreṣṭhe śāpena abhihataḥ purā
vanasthayā duḥkhitayā śocantyā mām vivāsasam

17. However, by you, O best upholder of (dharma) natural law, I was struck by a curse in the past – a curse pronounced by you who were dwelling in the forest, distressed and grieving for me, who was then exiled.

17. הו הטובה שבנושאות חוקת היושר, בעבר קיללת (את קַלִי) כשהיית ביער, סבלת ובכית עליי, שהייתי חסר בגדים,

Words meanings summery:

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• धर्मभृत् (dharmabhṛt) - upholder of natural law (dharma)

• श्रेष्ठे (śreṣṭhe) - O best, O excellent one

• शापेन (śāpena) - by a curse

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, afflicted

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in the past

• वनस्थया (vanasthayā) - by one dwelling in the forest

• दुःखितया (duḥkhitayā) - by the distressed one, by one suffering

• शोचन्त्या (śocantyā) - by the grieving one, by one lamenting

• माम् (mām) - me

• विवाससम् (vivāsasam) - homeless, exiled

Words meanings and morphology

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

धर्मभृत् (dharmabhṛt) - upholder of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of natural law (dharma)

From `dharma` and `bhṛ` (to bear/uphold). Agent noun. Adjective form as well.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to support, uphold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, upholding, maintaining
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √bhṛ (to bear, carry)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Part of a compound vocative.

श्रेष्ठे (śreṣṭhe) - O best, O excellent one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of śreṣṭhā

śreṣṭhā - best, most excellent, supreme

Superlative of `praśasya` (praiseworthy)

Root: praśas

Note: It qualifies the addressee (Earth/Dharma).

शापेन (śāpena) - by a curse

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation

From `√śap` (to curse)

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Instrument of `abhihataḥ`.

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, afflicted, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from `abhi-√han` (to strike, smite)

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the speaker ("I").

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in the past

(indeclinable)

वनस्थया (vanasthayā) - by one dwelling in the forest

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vanasthā

vanasthā - dwelling in the forest

From `vana` (forest) + `sthā` (standing/dwelling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+sthā)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• sthā – standing, staying, dwelling
  adjective (feminine)
  From √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tvayā`.

दुःखितया (duḥkhitayā) - by the distressed one, by one suffering

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of duḥkhitā

duḥkhitā - distressed, sorrowful, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Derived from `duḥkhin` (suffering) or directly from `duḥkha` (sorrow) + `ita` suffix

Note: Qualifies `tvayā`.

शोचन्त्या (śocantyā) - by the grieving one, by one lamenting

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śocatī

śocatī - grieving, lamenting, mourning

Present Active Participle

Feminine form of `śocat`, derived from `√śuc` (to grieve, lament) + `at` suffix

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `tvayā`.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of `śocantyā`.

विवाससम् (vivāsasam) - homeless, exiled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vivāsas

vivāsas - without a dwelling, exiled, homeless

From `vi` (without) + `vāsas` (dwelling/home)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+vāsas)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• vāsas – dwelling, abode, home
  noun (neuter)
  From √vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `mām`.

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