महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-74, verse-11

किं नु तस्य मया कार्यमपराद्धं महीपतेः ।
यो मामुत्सृज्य विपिने गतवान्निद्रया हृताम् ॥११॥

11. kiṁ nu tasya mayā kāryamaparāddhaṁ mahīpateḥ ,
yo māmutsṛjya vipine gatavānnidrayā hṛtām.

11. kim nu tasya mayā kāryam aparāddham mahīpateḥ
yaḥ mām utsṛjya vipine gatavān nidrayā hṛtām

11. What offense had I, indeed, committed against that king, the one who abandoned me in the forest, when I was overcome by sleep, and then departed?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative) (what, why, whether)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (indeed, now, then, surely)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that king (Nala) (his, of him, to him)

• मया (mayā) - by me (Damayantī) (by me)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - a deed, an act (deed, action, to be done)

• अपराद्धम् (aparāddham) - an offense, a wrong (committed) (offended, wronged, a wrong deed, fault)

• महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - against that king (Nala) (of the king, of the lord of the earth)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (refers to `mahīpateḥ`) (who, which)

• माम् (mām) - me (Damayantī) (me)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned (me) (having abandoned, having left)

• विपिने (vipine) - in the forest (in the forest, in a wilderness)

• गतवान् (gatavān) - departed, went away (went, departed, having gone)

• निद्रया (nidrayā) - by sleep (by sleep, due to sleep)

• हृताम् (hṛtām) - overcome (by sleep), carried away (by sleep) (carried away, stolen, overcome)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative) (what, why, whether)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why

Note: Interrogative pronoun, acting as predicate nominative to `aparāddham kāryam`

नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question) (indeed, now, then, surely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative/emphatic particle

तस्य (tasya) - of that king (Nala) (his, of him, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive pronoun related to `mahīpateḥ`

मया (mayā) - by me (Damayantī) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Agent of `aparāddham`

कार्यम् (kāryam) - a deed, an act (deed, action, to be done)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - deed, action, business, to be done

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root `kṛ` + `ṇyat` suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of implied passive sentence

अपराद्धम् (aparāddham) - an offense, a wrong (committed) (offended, wronged, a wrong deed, fault)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aparāddha

aparāddha - offended, wronged, committed a fault, a wrong deed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `apa` + root `rādh` + `kta` suffix

Prefix: apa

Root: rādh (class 5)

Note: Describes `kāryam`

महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - against that king (Nala) (of the king, of the lord of the earth)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, ruler of the earth, lord of the land

`mahī` (earth) + `pati` (lord)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to Nala, implying object of the offense

यः (yaḥ) - who (refers to `mahīpateḥ`) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of the relative clause

माम् (mām) - me (Damayantī) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of `utsṛjya`

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned (me) (having abandoned, having left)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From prefix `ut` + root `sṛj` + `lyap` suffix

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Describes the action of `yaḥ`

विपिने (vipine) - in the forest (in the forest, in a wilderness)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vipina

vipina - forest, wilderness, grove

Note: Location of abandonment

गतवान् (gatavān) - departed, went away (went, departed, having gone)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatavat

gatavat - having gone, departed

Past Active Participle

From root `gam` + `ktavatu` suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate to `yaḥ`

निद्रया (nidrayā) - by sleep (by sleep, due to sleep)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nidrā

nidrā - sleep, slumber

Root: drā (class 2)

Note: Agent or cause for `hṛtām`

हृताम् (hṛtām) - overcome (by sleep), carried away (by sleep) (carried away, stolen, overcome)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hṛta

hṛta - taken, carried, seized, stolen, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root `hṛ` + `kta` suffix

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `mām`