महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-52, verse-20

कथमागमनं चेह कथं चासि न लक्षितः ।
सुरक्षितं हि मे वेश्म राजा चैवोग्रशासनः ॥२०॥

20. kathamāgamanaṁ ceha kathaṁ cāsi na lakṣitaḥ ,
surakṣitaṁ hi me veśma rājā caivograśāsanaḥ.

20. katham āgamanam ca iha katham ca asi na lakṣitaḥ
surakṣitam hi me veśma rājā ca eva ugra-śāsanaḥ

20. How did your arrival (āgamana) here happen? And how is it that you were not noticed? Indeed, my palace is well-guarded, and the king is also one with stern rule.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• आगमनम् (āgamanam) - arrival, coming

• च (ca) - and, also

• इह (iha) - here, in this place

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• असि (asi) - you are

• न (na) - not, no

• लक्षितः (lakṣitaḥ) - noticed, observed, perceived

• सुरक्षितम् (surakṣitam) - well-guarded, well-protected

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• मे (me) - my, of me

• वेश्म (veśma) - house, palace, abode

• राजा (rājā) - king

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• उग्र-शासनः (ugra-śāsanaḥ) - having stern rule, having fierce command

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

आगमनम् (āgamanam) - arrival, coming

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āgamana

āgamana - coming, arrival

Action noun

From ā- + gam (to go) + -ana suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Indicative

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

लक्षितः (lakṣitaḥ) - noticed, observed, perceived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣita

lakṣita - observed, marked, noticed

Past Passive Participle

From root lakṣ (to mark, observe) + -ita suffix.

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the person being addressed.

सुरक्षितम् (surakṣitam) - well-guarded, well-protected

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of surakṣita

surakṣita - well-guarded, well-protected

Past Passive Participle

Compound of su- (well) + rakṣita (guarded). From root rakṣ (to guard) + -ita suffix.

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+rakṣita)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• rakṣita – guarded, protected
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root rakṣ (to guard) + -ita suffix.
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with veśma.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

वेश्म (veśma) - house, palace, abode

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of veśman

veśman - house, dwelling, palace

Root: viś (class 6)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

उग्र-शासनः (ugra-śāsanaḥ) - having stern rule, having fierce command

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ugra-śāsana

ugra-śāsana - having stern rule, fierce in command

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ugra+śāsana)

• ugra – fierce, stern, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
• śāsana – rule, command, order
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun
  From root śās (to rule, command) + -ana suffix.
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Agrees with rājā.