महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-279, verse-9

द्युमत्सेन उवाच ।
च्युताः स्म राज्याद्वनवासमाश्रिताश्चराम धर्मं नियतास्तपस्विनः ।
कथं त्वनर्हा वनवासमाश्रमे सहिष्यते क्लेशमिमं सुता तव ॥९॥

9. dyumatsena uvāca ,
cyutāḥ sma rājyādvanavāsamāśritā;ścarāma dharmaṁ niyatāstapasvinaḥ ,
kathaṁ tvanarhā vanavāsamāśrame; sahiṣyate kleśamimaṁ sutā tava.

9. dyumatsenaḥ uvāca cyutāḥ smaḥ rājyāt
vanavāsam āśritāḥ carāmaḥ dharmam niyatāḥ
tapasvinaḥ katham tu anarhā vanavāsam
āśrame sahiṣyate kleśam imam sutā tava

9. Dyumatsena said: "We have been deprived of our kingdom and have taken refuge in a forest dwelling. As disciplined ascetics, we now practice our natural law (dharma). How, then, will your daughter, who is unfit for this kind of life, endure this hardship in a hermitage?"

Words meanings summery:

• द्युमत्सेनः (dyumatsenaḥ) - King Dyumatsena (Dyumatsena (a king's name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• च्युताः (cyutāḥ) - fallen, deprived, removed

• स्मः (smaḥ) - we are (indicating past tense when combined with participles) (we are (used for past tense))

• राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from the kingdom, from sovereignty

• वनवासम् (vanavāsam) - forest dwelling, residing in the forest

• आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on

• चरामः (carāmaḥ) - we practice (our dharma) (we move, we wander, we practice, we perform)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty, righteousness

• नियताः (niyatāḥ) - controlled, disciplined, restrained

• तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics, pious persons

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what way?

• तु (tu) - but, then, however

• अनर्हा (anarhā) - unfit for (such hardship) (unfit, undeserving, unworthy)

• वनवासम् (vanavāsam) - forest dwelling, residence in the forest

• आश्रमे (āśrame) - in the hermitage, in the dwelling place, in the āśrama

• सहिष्यते (sahiṣyate) - she will endure, she will bear, she will suffer

• क्लेशम् (kleśam) - hardship, suffering, distress

• इमम् (imam) - this

• सुता (sutā) - daughter

• तव (tava) - your, yours, of you

Words meanings and morphology

द्युमत्सेनः (dyumatsenaḥ) - King Dyumatsena (Dyumatsena (a king's name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dyumatsena

dyumatsena - Dyumatsena (proper name, 'having a brilliant army')

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (dyumat+sena)

• dyumat – shining, splendid, brilliant
  adjective (masculine)
• sena – army, host
  noun (feminine)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

च्युताः (cyutāḥ) - fallen, deprived, removed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, deviated, deprived, removed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root cyu (to move, fall)

Root: cyu (class 1)

स्मः (smaḥ) - we are (indicating past tense when combined with participles) (we are (used for past tense))

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, Present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: When used with past participles, 'sma' particle (which is actually the present 1st plural 'smaḥ') helps imply a past action. Here, 'cyutāḥ smaḥ' means 'we were deprived'.

राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from the kingdom, from sovereignty

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, reign, sovereignty, royalty

वनवासम् (vanavāsam) - forest dwelling, residing in the forest

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanavāsa

vanavāsa - forest dwelling, residence in a forest

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence, abode
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, dependent on, having taken refuge

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śri (to resort to) with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

चरामः (carāmaḥ) - we practice (our dharma) (we move, we wander, we practice, we perform)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, Present Indicative (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, duty, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

नियताः (niyatāḥ) - controlled, disciplined, restrained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niyata

niyata - restrained, self-controlled, disciplined, fixed, firm

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yam (to restrain) with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - ascetics, pious persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, recluse, practicing austerities, pious person

Derived from tapas (austerity) with possessive suffix -vin

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what way?

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, then, however

(indeclinable)

अनर्हा (anarhā) - unfit for (such hardship) (unfit, undeserving, unworthy)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of anarha

anarha - unworthy, unfit, undeserving, improper

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+arha)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• arha – worthy, deserving, fit
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root arh (to deserve)
  Root: arh (class 1)

वनवासम् (vanavāsam) - forest dwelling, residence in the forest

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanavāsa

vanavāsa - forest dwelling, residence in a forest

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence, abode
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

आश्रमे (āśrame) - in the hermitage, in the dwelling place, in the āśrama

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastery, stage of life (āśrama), dwelling place

Derived from root śram (to toil, exert) with upasarga ā (perhaps suggesting a place of exertion or penance)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

सहिष्यते (sahiṣyate) - she will endure, she will bear, she will suffer

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Future Indicative (lṛṭ) of sah

Root: sah (class 1)

क्लेशम् (kleśam) - hardship, suffering, distress

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kleśa

kleśa - pain, distress, affliction, suffering, hardship

Derived from root kliś (to suffer)

Root: kliś (class 4)

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

सुता (sutā) - daughter

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sutā

sutā - daughter

Derived from root sū (to bear, to bring forth)

Root: sū (class 2)

तव (tava) - your, yours, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)