महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-279, verse-10

अश्वपतिरुवाच ।
सुखं च दुःखं च भवाभवात्मकं यदा विजानाति सुताहमेव च ।
न मद्विधे युज्यति वाक्यमीदृशं विनिश्चयेनाभिगतोऽस्मि ते नृप ॥१०॥

10. aśvapatiruvāca ,
sukhaṁ ca duḥkhaṁ ca bhavābhavātmakaṁ; yadā vijānāti sutāhameva ca ,
na madvidhe yujyati vākyamīdṛśaṁ; viniścayenābhigato'smi te nṛpa.

10. aśvapatiḥ uvāca | sukham ca duḥkham ca
bhava-abhava-ātmakam yadā vijānāti sutā
aham eva ca | na mat-vidhe yujyati vākyam
īdṛśam viniścayena abhigataḥ asmi te nṛpa

10. Aśvapati said: "When one truly understands that both happiness and sorrow are intrinsically linked to existence and non-existence, such a statement is not appropriate for a person like me. O king, I have come to you with a definite resolution."

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वपतिः (aśvapatiḥ) - King Aśvapati (lord of horses, king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Aśvapati said (he said, spoke)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भव-अभव-आत्मकम् (bhava-abhava-ātmakam) - intrinsically linked to existence and non-existence (having the nature of existence and non-existence, pertaining to being and non-being)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• विजानाति (vijānāti) - truly understands (knows, understands, discerns)

• सुता (sutā) - (my) daughter (daughter)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• एव (eva) - indeed, truly (only, just, indeed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• मत्-विधे (mat-vidhe) - for a person like me (for one like me)

• युज्यति (yujyati) - is appropriate (is fitting, is appropriate, is suitable)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - such a statement (statement, speech, sentence)

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such (a statement) (such, of this kind)

• विनिश्चयेन (viniścayena) - with a definite decision (by a firm resolve, with certainty)

• अभिगतः (abhigataḥ) - arrived, come (to you) (approached, arrived, gone to)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• ते (te) - to you (to you, your)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वपतिः (aśvapatiḥ) - King Aśvapati (lord of horses, king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvapati

aśvapati - lord of horses, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+pati)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - Aśvapati said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

Root vac (to speak), perfect tense form

Root: vac (class 2)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease

Note: Can also be accusative.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

Note: Can also be accusative.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भव-अभव-आत्मकम् (bhava-abhava-ātmakam) - intrinsically linked to existence and non-existence (having the nature of existence and non-existence, pertaining to being and non-being)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhavābhavātmaka

bhavābhavātmaka - consisting of existence and non-existence

Compound combining 'bhava' and 'abhava' into a dvandva, then 'ātmaka' as a tatpuruṣa suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhava+abhava+ātmaka)

• bhava – existence, being, birth, becoming
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• abhava – non-existence, non-being, death
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of bhava
• ātmaka – having the nature of, consisting of
  adjective (neuter)
  Suffix -ātmakam indicating nature or essence

Note: Modifies 'sukham ca duḥkham ca'.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal conjunction.

विजानाति (vijānāti) - truly understands (knows, understands, discerns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

present active indicative

Root jñā (to know), with prefix vi-. 9th class verb.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: The prefix 'vi-' intensifies the meaning to 'know well' or 'discern'.

सुता (sutā) - (my) daughter (daughter)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sutā

sutā - daughter

Root: sū

Note: Addressing his daughter Savitri.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Refers to Aśvapati.

एव (eva) - indeed, truly (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

मत्-विधे (mat-vidhe) - for a person like me (for one like me)

(adjective)

Locative, singular of madvidha

madvidha - like me, similar to me

Compound of mat (ablative/genitive of aham - my) and vidha (kind, sort).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mad+vidha)

• mad – me, my
  pronoun
  Ablative/Genitive form of 'I' (aham), used here in compound form
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative singular, meaning 'in one like me' or 'for one like me'.

युज्यति (yujyati) - is appropriate (is fitting, is appropriate, is suitable)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yuj

present active indicative

Root yuj (to join, to fit), 4th class. Sometimes used in active voice for 'to be suitable'.

Root: yuj (class 4)

Note: Often seen in passive/middle `yujyate`.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - such a statement (statement, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, sentence, statement, saying

Derived from vac (to speak).

Root: vac

Note: Subject of `yujyati`.

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such (a statement) (such, of this kind)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind

Formed with suffix -dṛśa from idam (this).

विनिश्चयेन (viniścayena) - with a definite decision (by a firm resolve, with certainty)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viniścaya

viniścaya - firm resolve, certainty, definite decision, determination

From root ni-ści (to determine) with prefix vi-.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: ści

अभिगतः (abhigataḥ) - arrived, come (to you) (approached, arrived, gone to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhigata

abhigata - approached, come near, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root gam (to go) with prefix abhi-.

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in a perfect sense with 'asmi' meaning 'I have come'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present active indicative

Root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms a compound predicate with `abhigataḥ`.

ते (te) - to you (to you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Dative/Genitive singular of `tvad` (you).

Note: Here, dative, meaning 'to you'.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound of nṛ (man) and pa (protector, from root pā to protect).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Addressed to Dyumatsena.