महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-279, verse-22

एवं तत्राश्रमे तेषां तदा निवसतां सताम् ।
कालस्तपस्यतां कश्चिदतिचक्राम भारत ॥२२॥

22. evaṁ tatrāśrame teṣāṁ tadā nivasatāṁ satām ,
kālastapasyatāṁ kaścidaticakrāma bhārata.

22. evam tatra āśrame teṣām tadā nivasatām satām
kālaḥ tapasyatām kaścit aticakrāma bhārata

22. O Bhārata, as those virtuous people were dwelling and performing austerities (tapas) in that hermitage (āśrama), a certain amount of time elapsed.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• आश्रमे (āśrame) - in the hermitage, in the retreat

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those people (Satyavān, his parents, Sāvitrī) (of them)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• निवसताम् (nivasatām) - of those dwelling, of those residing

• सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous people (Satyavān, his parents, Sāvitrī) (of the good, of the virtuous, of the existent ones)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - a period of time (time)

• तपस्यताम् (tapasyatām) - of those performing austerities, of those practicing spiritual discipline

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - some unspecified amount (of time) (some, a certain, any)

• अतिचक्राम (aticakrāma) - (time) elapsed (passed by, elapsed, went over)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (or Yudhiṣṭhira, depending on narrator context in Mahābhārata) (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

locative adverb derived from pronoun tad

आश्रमे (āśrame) - in the hermitage, in the retreat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, retreat, a stage of life (āśrama)

from ā-śram (to toil, to make an effort)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those people (Satyavān, his parents, Sāvitrī) (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: This pronoun refers to the people living in the hermitage.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

temporal adverb derived from pronoun tad

निवसताम् (nivasatām) - of those dwelling, of those residing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nivasat

nivasat - dwelling, residing

Present Active Participle

From verb ni-vas (to dwell). Formed with the śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous people (Satyavān, his parents, Sāvitrī) (of the good, of the virtuous, of the existent ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - existent, good, virtuous, real

Present Active Participle

From verb as (to be). Formed with the śatṛ suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

कालः (kālaḥ) - a period of time (time)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period

Note: Subject of aticakrāma.

तपस्यताम् (tapasyatām) - of those performing austerities, of those practicing spiritual discipline

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tapasyat

tapasyat - performing austerities, practicing penance (tapas)

Present Active Participle

From denominative verb tapasyati (to perform tapas). Formed with śatṛ suffix.

Root: tap (class 1)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - some unspecified amount (of time) (some, a certain, any)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - some, a certain, any

Compound of ka (interrogative pronoun) + cit (indeclinable particle)

Note: Agrees with kālaḥ.

अतिचक्राम (aticakrāma) - (time) elapsed (passed by, elapsed, went over)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of atikram

Perfect

ati (prefix) + kram (root). Perfect form, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (or Yudhiṣṭhira, depending on narrator context in Mahābhārata) (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to India

patronymic from bharata