महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-253, verse-21

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
भद्रे तूष्णीमास्स्व नियच्छ वाचं मास्मत्सकाशे परुषाण्यवोचः ।
राजानो वा यदि वा राजपुत्रा बलेन मत्ता वञ्चनां प्राप्नुवन्ति ॥२१॥

21. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
bhadre tūṣṇīmāssva niyaccha vācaṁ; māsmatsakāśe paruṣāṇyavocaḥ ,
rājāno vā yadi vā rājaputrā; balena mattā vañcanāṁ prāpnuvanti.

21. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhadre tūṣṇīm āssva
niyaccha vācam mā asmat sakāśe paruṣāṇi
avocaḥ rājānaḥ vā yadi vā rājaputrāḥ
balena mattāḥ vañcanām prāpnuvanti

21. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'O gentle lady, remain silent and control your speech. Do not utter harsh words in our presence. For kings, or even princes, who are arrogant due to their power, eventually experience delusion and disappointment.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pandava)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भद्रे (bhadre) - Yudhiṣṭhira addressing Draupadi (O gentle lady, O good one)

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

• आस्स्व (āssva) - remain silent (remain, sit)

• नियच्छ (niyaccha) - restrain, control

• वाचम् (vācam) - speech, words

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• अस्मत् (asmat) - our, of us

• सकाशे (sakāśe) - in our presence (in the presence of, near, in the vicinity of)

• परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh, rough (words)

• अवोचः (avocaḥ) - do not speak (spoke, uttered)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• वा (vā) - or

• यदि (yadi) - if

• वा (vā) - or, indeed

• राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

• बलेन (balena) - by strength, by force

• मत्ताः (mattāḥ) - arrogant due to power (intoxicated, arrogant, proud)

• वञ्चनाम् (vañcanām) - deception, delusion, disappointment

• प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - attain, obtain, experience, reach

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pandava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from the root √sthā (to stand).
  Root: √sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect Tense, Active Voice

Root: √vac (class 2)

भद्रे (bhadre) - Yudhiṣṭhira addressing Draupadi (O gentle lady, O good one)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - gentle, auspicious, excellent, fortunate (feminine)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

(indeclinable)

आस्स्व (āssva) - remain silent (remain, sit)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √ās

Imperative Mood, Middle Voice

Root: √ās (class 2)

नियच्छ (niyaccha) - restrain, control

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √yam

Imperative Mood, Active Voice

Derived from the root √yam (to hold, restrain) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: √yam (class 1)

वाचम् (vācam) - speech, words

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word, language

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

अस्मत् (asmat) - our, of us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (stem for first person pronoun)

सकाशे (sakāśe) - in our presence (in the presence of, near, in the vicinity of)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sakāśa

sakāśa - proximity, presence, vicinity

परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh, rough (words)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, rude, cruel

Note: Refers to 'vācām' (words), implied to be neuter plural.

अवोचः (avocaḥ) - do not speak (spoke, uttered)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of √vac

Aorist Tense, Active Voice

Root: √vac (class 2)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, indeed

(indeclinable)

राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, son of a king

Compound of 'rājan' (king) and 'putra' (son).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

बलेन (balena) - by strength, by force

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force

मत्ताः (mattāḥ) - arrogant due to power (intoxicated, arrogant, proud)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, ardent, proud, arrogant

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √mad (to be exhilarated, proud, intoxicated).

Root: √mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'rājānaḥ' and 'rājaputrāḥ'.

वञ्चनाम् (vañcanām) - deception, delusion, disappointment

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vañcanā

vañcanā - deception, delusion, fraud, trickery, disappointment

action noun

Derived from the root √vañc (to deceive).

Root: √vañc (class 1)

प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - attain, obtain, experience, reach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of √āp

Present Tense, Active Voice

Derived from the root √āp (to obtain, reach) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: √āp (class 5)