महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-253, verse-10

तामिन्द्रसेनस्त्वरितोऽभिसृत्य रथादवप्लुत्य ततोऽभ्यधावत् ।
प्रोवाच चैनां वचनं नरेन्द्र धात्रेयिकामार्ततरस्तदानीम् ॥१०॥

10. tāmindrasenastvarito'bhisṛtya; rathādavaplutya tato'bhyadhāvat ,
provāca caināṁ vacanaṁ narendra; dhātreyikāmārtatarastadānīm.

10. tām indrasenaḥ tvaritaḥ abhisṛtya
rathāt avaplutya tataḥ abhyadhāvat
provāca ca enām vacanam
narendra dhātreyikām ārtataraḥ tadānīm

10. Indrasena, more distressed at that moment, quickly approached her, jumped down from the chariot, then ran towards her, and spoke these words to her, his foster-sister (dhātreyikā), O King.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - her (Draupadi) (that, her)

• इन्द्रसेनः (indrasenaḥ) - Indrasena

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - hastily, quickly (hastening, quickly, hurried)

• अभिसृत्य (abhisṛtya) - having approached, approaching

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down, descending

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

• अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - ran towards, hastened to

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, said

• च (ca) - and

• एनाम् (enām) - her

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, sentence)

• नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O King (O king, O lord of men)

• धात्रेयिकाम् (dhātreyikām) - his foster-sister (Draupadi) (foster-sister)

• आर्ततरः (ārtataraḥ) - more distressed, more afflicted

• तदानीम् (tadānīm) - at that moment (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - her (Draupadi) (that, her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

इन्द्रसेनः (indrasenaḥ) - Indrasena

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indrasena

indrasena - Indrasena (name of a charioteer)

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - hastily, quickly (hastening, quickly, hurried)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - quick, hurried, hastened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'tvar' (to hasten) with the suffix 'kta' (past passive participle).

Root: tvar (class 1)

अभिसृत्य (abhisṛtya) - having approached, approaching

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'sṛ' (to go) with prefix 'abhi' and suffix 'lyap'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: sṛ (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down, descending

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'plu' (to jump) with prefix 'ava' and suffix 'lyap'.

Prefix: ava

Root: plu (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

(indeclinable)

अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - ran towards, hastened to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhidhāvat

Imperfect

Third person singular imperfect active of the root 'dhā' (to run) with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 3)

प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of pravāca

Perfect

Third person singular perfect active of the root 'vac' (to speak) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एनाम् (enām) - her

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of enad

enad - this, that, she, her

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, utterance, statement

Root: vac (class 2)

नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O King (O king, O lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+indra)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (name of a deity), chief, lord, best
  noun (masculine)

धात्रेयिकाम् (dhātreyikām) - his foster-sister (Draupadi) (foster-sister)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhātreyikā

dhātreyikā - foster-sister, nurse's daughter

आर्ततरः (ārtataraḥ) - more distressed, more afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārtatara

ārtatara - more distressed, more afflicted, more suffering

Comparative form of 'ārta' (distressed), using the suffix 'tarap'. 'Ārta' is from the root 'ṛ' (to go, to suffer) with 'kta'.

Root: ṛ (class 3)

तदानीम् (tadānīm) - at that moment (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)