महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-226, verse-19

किं नु तस्य सुखं न स्यादाश्रमे यो धनंजयम् ।
अभिवीक्षेत सिद्धार्थो वल्कलाजिनवाससम् ॥१९॥

19. kiṁ nu tasya sukhaṁ na syādāśrame yo dhanaṁjayam ,
abhivīkṣeta siddhārtho valkalājinavāsasam.

19. kim nu tasya sukham na syāt āśrame yaḥ dhanañjayam
abhivīkṣeta siddhārthaḥ valkalājinavāsasam

19. What happiness would one not possess, if one, having achieved one's purpose (artha), were to behold Arjuna (Dhanañjaya) in the hermitage, clad in bark and deerskin?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what?

• नु (nu) - indeed, surely, now, then

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, ease

• न (na) - not, no

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be

• आश्रमे (āśrame) - in the hermitage, in the dwelling place (āśrama)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna (Arjuna (Dhanañjaya), winner of wealth)

• अभिवीक्षेत (abhivīkṣeta) - would behold, would look intently at

• सिद्धार्थः (siddhārthaḥ) - one whose purpose is accomplished, successful, fulfilled in purpose

• वल्कलाजिनवाससम् (valkalājinavāsasam) - wearing bark and deerskin, dressed in bark and deerskin

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which

Interrogative pronoun

नु (nu) - indeed, surely, now, then

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or interrogation

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative/Personal pronoun

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, ease

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative active 3rd singular

Root: as (class 2)

आश्रमे (āśrame) - in the hermitage, in the dwelling place (āśrama)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, retreat, stage of life

From root śram (to toil, exert) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - Arjuna (Arjuna (Dhanañjaya), winner of wealth)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Arjuna, winner of wealth, fire

Epithet of Arjuna (Dhanañjaya), literally 'conqueror of wealth'

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – conqueror, victor (from root ji- to conquer)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun derived from root ji
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

अभिवीक्षेत (abhivīkṣeta) - would behold, would look intently at

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of abhivīkṣ

Optative middle 3rd singular

Prefixes: abhi+vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

सिद्धार्थः (siddhārthaḥ) - one whose purpose is accomplished, successful, fulfilled in purpose

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siddhārtha

siddhārtha - one whose object is attained, successful

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (siddha+artha)

• siddha – accomplished, perfected, fulfilled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sidh- (to accomplish)
  Root: sidh (class 1)
• artha – purpose, object, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  The term artha (purpose) can refer to material prosperity, purpose, or meaning in a broader context.

Note: Agrees with `yaḥ`.

वल्कलाजिनवाससम् (valkalājinavāsasam) - wearing bark and deerskin, dressed in bark and deerskin

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of valkalājinavāsas

valkalājinavāsas - clad in bark and deerskin

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (valkala+ajina+vāsas)

• valkala – bark (of a tree)
  noun (neuter)
• ajina – deerskin, antelope skin
  noun (neuter)
• vāsas – clothing, garment
  noun (neuter)
  From root vas- (to clothe)
  Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `dhanañjayam`.