महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-226, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
धृतराष्ट्रस्य तद्वाक्यं निशम्य सहसौबलः ।
दुर्योधनमिदं काले कर्णो वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
dhṛtarāṣṭrasya tadvākyaṁ niśamya sahasaubalaḥ ,
duryodhanamidaṁ kāle karṇo vacanamabravīt.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca dhṛtarāṣṭrasya tat vākyam niśamya
sahasaubalaḥ duryodhanam idam kāle karṇaḥ vacanam abravīt

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard Dhṛtarāṣṭra's words, Karṇa, accompanied by Saubala (Śakuni), spoke these words to Duryodhana at that opportune moment.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• तत् (tat) - that

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, statement

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having listened

• सहसौबलः (sahasaubalaḥ) - accompanied by Saubala (Śakuni)

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - to Duryodhana

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the words that follow. (this)

• काले (kāle) - at that opportune moment. (at the time, at the proper time)

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, words, statement

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Mood, 3rd Person, Singular

from root vac (to speak), perfect tense (lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj

Note: Possessive for vākyam.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to vākyam.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, words, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāky

vāky - speech, words, statement

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of niśamya.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having listened

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

from root śam (to calm, perceive) with prefix ni (down, in) + lyap suffix. Used in the sense of 'to hear'.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: Modifies Karṇa.

सहसौबलः (sahasaubalaḥ) - accompanied by Saubala (Śakuni)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahasaubala

sahasaubala - accompanied by Saubala (Śakuni)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saha+saubala)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
  prefix or indeclinable
• saubala – son of Subala, Śakuni
  proper noun (masculine)
  patronymic from Subala

Note: Qualifies Karṇa.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - to Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana, difficult to fight

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
  prefix
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Recipient of the speech.

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the words that follow. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Qualifies vacanam.

काले (kāle) - at that opportune moment. (at the time, at the proper time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, occasion

Note: Adverbial usage.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa, ear

Root: kṛ

Note: Subject of abravīt.

वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, words, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, words, statement

from root vac (to speak) + ana suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Mood, 3rd Person, Singular

from root brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)