महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-226, verse-17

समस्थो विषमस्थान्हि दुर्हृदो योऽभिवीक्षते ।
जगतीस्थानिवाद्रिस्थः किं ततः परमं सुखम् ॥१७॥

17. samastho viṣamasthānhi durhṛdo yo'bhivīkṣate ,
jagatīsthānivādristhaḥ kiṁ tataḥ paramaṁ sukham.

17. samasthaḥ viṣamasthān hi durhṛdaḥ yaḥ abhivīkṣate
jagatīsthān iva adristhaḥ kim tataḥ paramam sukham

17. What supreme happiness is there beyond that which a person experiences who, while himself being in a favorable position, looks upon his enemies who are in a difficult situation, just as one standing on a mountain looks down upon those on the ground?

Words meanings summery:

• समस्थः (samasthaḥ) - one being in a favorable or impartial position (in an equal position, stable, well-established, impartial)

• विषमस्थान् (viṣamasthān) - enemies in a difficult situation (those in a difficult/uneven/unfavorable position)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• दुर्हृदः (durhṛdaḥ) - enemies, ill-wishers

• यः (yaḥ) - the person who (who)

• अभिवीक्षते (abhivīkṣate) - he looks upon, surveys

• जगतीस्थान् (jagatīsthān) - those on the ground (those standing on the ground, earthly beings)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अद्रिस्थः (adristhaḥ) - one standing on a mountain

• किम् (kim) - what

• ततः (tataḥ) - than that (experience) (then, from that, than that)

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, best

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, comfort

Words meanings and morphology

समस्थः (samasthaḥ) - one being in a favorable or impartial position (in an equal position, stable, well-established, impartial)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samastha

samastha - standing together, standing in an equal position, impartial, well-established

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sama+stha)

• sama – equal, same, even, impartial
  adjective (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Agentive suffix (ḍa) from root sthā
  From root sthā (to stand) with suffix ḍa (P. 3.2.14).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate for 'yaḥ'.

विषमस्थान् (viṣamasthān) - enemies in a difficult situation (those in a difficult/uneven/unfavorable position)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viṣamastha

viṣamastha - standing in an uneven place, in a difficult situation, unequal, difficult

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (viṣama+stha)

• viṣama – uneven, difficult, arduous, unequal
  adjective (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Agentive suffix (ḍa) from root sthā
  From root sthā (to stand) with suffix ḍa (P. 3.2.14).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'durhṛdaḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Emphatic/causal particle.

दुर्हृदः (durhṛdaḥ) - enemies, ill-wishers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of durhṛd

durhṛd - enemy, ill-wisher, evil-hearted

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+hṛd)

• dur – bad, ill, difficult
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'abhivīkṣate'.

यः (yaḥ) - the person who (who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

Note: The subject of 'abhivīkṣate'.

अभिवीक्षते (abhivīkṣate) - he looks upon, surveys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vīkṣ

Present Middle Indicative

From root īkṣ (to see) with upasargas abhi and vi. Stem vīkṣ is commonly used.

Prefixes: abhi+vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

जगतीस्थान् (jagatīsthān) - those on the ground (those standing on the ground, earthly beings)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jagatīstha

jagatīstha - standing on the earth/ground, earthly

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jagatī+stha)

• jagatī – earth, world, ground
  noun (feminine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Agentive suffix (ḍa) from root sthā
  From root sthā (to stand) with suffix ḍa (P. 3.2.14).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of comparison, implicitly with 'durhṛdaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अद्रिस्थः (adristhaḥ) - one standing on a mountain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adristha

adristha - standing on a mountain

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adri+stha)

• adri – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Agentive suffix (ḍa) from root sthā
  From root sthā (to stand) with suffix ḍa (P. 3.2.14).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the observer, 'yaḥ'.

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why (interrogative)

Note: Interrogative.

ततः (tataḥ) - than that (experience) (then, from that, than that)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'tad' + suffix 'tas'.

Note: In the sense of 'than that'.

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, best

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, ultimate, best

Superlative form of 'para'.

Note: Modifies 'sukham'.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, pleasure, comfort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort, ease

Derived from 'su' (good) + 'kha' (opening, space).

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.