महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-191, verse-28

अथैनानब्रवीदसौ ।
ननु देवकीपुत्रेणापि कृष्णेन नरके मज्जमानो राजर्षिर्नृगस्तस्मात्कृच्छ्रात्समुद्धृत्य पुनः स्वर्गं प्रतिपादित इति ॥२८॥

28. athainānabravīdasau ,
nanu devakīputreṇāpi kṛṣṇena narake majjamāno rājarṣirnṛgastasmātkṛcchrātsamuddhṛtya punaḥ svargaṁ pratipādita iti.

28. atha enān abravīt asau | nanu
devakīputreṇa api kṛṣṇena narake majjamānaḥ
rājarṣiḥ nṛgaḥ tasmāt kṛcchrāt
samuddhṛtya punaḥ svargam pratipāditaḥ iti

28. Then he (Indra) said to them, "Indeed, was not the royal sage Nṛga, who was sinking in hell (naraka), also restored to heaven (svarga) by Kṛṣṇa, the son of Devakī, after being rescued from that great distress?"

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• एनान् (enān) - Refers to the Pandavas. (them, these)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• असौ (asau) - Refers to the being who restored Indradyumna (likely Indra or another deity). (that one, he)

• ननु (nanu) - indeed, surely, isn't it?

• देवकीपुत्रेण (devakīputreṇa) - by the son of Devakī

• अपि (api) - also, even

• कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Kṛṣṇa

• नरके (narake) - in hell (naraka)

• मज्जमानः (majjamānaḥ) - sinking, drowning

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - Refers to King Nṛga. (royal sage, king-sage)

• नृगः (nṛgaḥ) - Nṛga

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that

• कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - from distress, from difficulty, from suffering

• समुद्धृत्य (samuddhṛtya) - having rescued, after lifting up/out

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, back

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - to heaven (svarga)

• प्रतिपादितः (pratipāditaḥ) - restored, caused to return

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of a quotation. (thus, so, in this way)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

एनान् (enān) - Refers to the Pandavas. (them, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of enad

enad - this, that, these, them

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Imperfect active 3rd singular

Root vac (2nd class). Augment 'a' for imperfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

असौ (asau) - Refers to the being who restored Indradyumna (likely Indra or another deity). (that one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder, this, he, she, it

Note: Subject of abravīt.

ननु (nanu) - indeed, surely, isn't it?

(indeclinable)

देवकीपुत्रेण (devakīputreṇa) - by the son of Devakī

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of devakīputra

devakīputra - son of Devakī

Compound type : tatpurusha (devakī+putra)

• devakī – Devakī (mother of Kṛṣṇa)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of passive action.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa, the dark one, dark, black

Note: Agent of passive action.

नरके (narake) - in hell (naraka)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, underworld, one of the hellish regions

Note: Location of Nṛga's suffering.

मज्जमानः (majjamānaḥ) - sinking, drowning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of majjamāna

majjamāna - sinking, drowning, submerging

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root majj (to sink, to drown) with śānac suffix.

Root: majj (class 6)

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - Refers to King Nṛga. (royal sage, king-sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, king and sage, a king who is also a sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of passive verb pratipāditaḥ (is understood as the object of active verb).

नृगः (nṛgaḥ) - Nṛga

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛga

nṛga - name of an ancient king (son of Ikṣvāku, cursed to be a chameleon until Kṛṣṇa liberated him)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the kṛcchrāt.

कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - from distress, from difficulty, from suffering

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, painful, distress, suffering, penance

Note: Denotes source of rescue.

समुद्धृत्य (samuddhṛtya) - having rescued, after lifting up/out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From sam + ud + root hṛ (to take, to carry)

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: hṛ (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more, back

(indeclinable)

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - to heaven (svarga)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, paradise, celestial realm

Note: Goal of restoration.

प्रतिपादितः (pratipāditaḥ) - restored, caused to return

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratipādita

pratipādita - restored, caused to return, established, demonstrated

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From prati + root pad (to go) with causative suffix i and past participle suffix ta.

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

इति (iti) - Marks the end of a quotation. (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)