महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-165, verse-7

तव गुर्वर्थकालोऽयमुपपन्नः परंतप ।
प्रतिजानीष्व तं कर्तुमतो वेत्स्याम्यहं परम् ॥७॥

7. tava gurvarthakālo'yamupapannaḥ paraṁtapa ,
pratijānīṣva taṁ kartumato vetsyāmyahaṁ param.

7. tava gurvarthakālaḥ ayam upapannaḥ parantapa
pratijānīṣva tam kartum ataḥ vetsyāmi aham param

7. O tormentor of foes, the time for fulfilling your guru's purpose has now arrived. Promise to accomplish that, and from this, I shall know what is next.

Words meanings summery:

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• गुर्वर्थकालः (gurvarthakālaḥ) - time for the guru's purpose/fee

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

• उपपन्नः (upapannaḥ) - has come about, is present, is suitable, has arrived

• परन्तप (parantapa) - Addressing Arjuna (O tormentor of foes)

• प्रतिजानीष्व (pratijānīṣva) - acknowledge, promise, undertake

• तम् (tam) - referring to the guru's task/purpose (that (masculine accusative))

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this (i.e., from your promise/action) (therefore, from this, hence)

• वेत्स्यामि (vetsyāmi) - I shall know

• अहम् (aham) - I

• परम् (param) - what is next or the next task (next, further, supreme, other)

Words meanings and morphology

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Alternate form for tvā (genitive singular of yuṣmad)

गुर्वर्थकालः (gurvarthakālaḥ) - time for the guru's purpose/fee

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gurvarthakāla

gurvarthakāla - time for the guru's purpose, time for the teacher's fee

Compound type : tatpurusha (guru+artha+kāla)

• guru – teacher, spiritual guide (guru)
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, object, meaning, wealth, fee
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

उपपन्नः (upapannaḥ) - has come about, is present, is suitable, has arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upapanna

upapanna - arrived, happened, suitable, fitting

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √pad (to go, move) with upasarga upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `gurvarthakālaḥ`

परन्तप (parantapa) - Addressing Arjuna (O tormentor of foes)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of parantapa

parantapa - tormenting foes, subjugating enemies

Compound formed from para (enemy) and tapa (tormentor)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (para+tapa)

• para – enemy, other
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – tormentor, causing pain
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √tap
  Derived from √tap (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Vocative case, used as an epithet.

प्रतिजानीष्व (pratijānīṣva) - acknowledge, promise, undertake

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of jñā

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: From `prati-√jñā` (to promise, to undertake)

तम् (tam) - referring to the guru's task/purpose (that (masculine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Object of `kartum` and implied object of `pratijānīṣva`

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to do, to make

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of √kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अतः (ataḥ) - from this (i.e., from your promise/action) (therefore, from this, hence)

(indeclinable)

वेत्स्यामि (vetsyāmi) - I shall know

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

परम् (param) - what is next or the next task (next, further, supreme, other)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, next, higher, supreme

Note: Used substantively, referring to 'the next thing'.