महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-16, verse-12

आघोषितं च नगरे न पातव्या सुरेति ह ।
प्रमादं परिरक्षद्भिरुग्रसेनोद्धवादिभिः ॥१२॥

12. āghoṣitaṁ ca nagare na pātavyā sureti ha ,
pramādaṁ parirakṣadbhirugrasenoddhavādibhiḥ.

12. āghoṣitam ca nagare na pātavyā surā iti ha
pramādam parirakṣadbhiḥ ugrasenoddhavādibhiḥ

12. And it was proclaimed in the city that alcohol (surā) was definitely not to be consumed. This decree was made by Ugrasena, Uddhava, and others who were diligently guarding against any carelessness.

Words meanings summery:

• आघोषितम् (āghoṣitam) - proclaimed, announced

• च (ca) - and, also

• नगरे (nagare) - in the city

• न (na) - not, no

• पातव्या (pātavyā) - to be drunk, to be consumed

• सुरा (surā) - alcohol, liquor

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

• प्रमादम् (pramādam) - any carelessness (negligence, carelessness, error)

• परिरक्षद्भिः (parirakṣadbhiḥ) - by those guarding against, by those protecting

• उग्रसेनोद्धवादिभिः (ugrasenoddhavādibhiḥ) - by Ugrasena, Uddhava, and others

Words meanings and morphology

आघोषितम् (āghoṣitam) - proclaimed, announced

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āghoṣita

āghoṣita - proclaimed, announced, made known

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'ghuṣ' (to sound, proclaim) with the prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to an implied subject like 'idam' or 'tat' (this/that proclamation).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नगरे (nagare) - in the city

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पातव्या (pātavyā) - to be drunk, to be consumed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pātavya

pātavya - to be drunk, drinkable, fit to be drunk

Gerundive

Derived from the root 'pā' (to drink) with the gerundive suffix '-tavya'.

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'surā'.

सुरा (surā) - alcohol, liquor

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of surā

surā - liquor, wine, spirituous liquor, alcohol

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech

(indeclinable)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

प्रमादम् (pramādam) - any carelessness (negligence, carelessness, error)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pramāda

pramāda - negligence, carelessness, error, inadvertence, intoxication

Derived from the root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, negligent) with the prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

परिरक्षद्भिः (parirakṣadbhiḥ) - by those guarding against, by those protecting

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of parirakṣat

parirakṣat - guarding all around, protecting completely, preventing

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'rakṣ' (to protect) with the prefix 'pari-'.

Prefix: pari

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

उग्रसेनोद्धवादिभिः (ugrasenoddhavādibhiḥ) - by Ugrasena, Uddhava, and others

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ugrasenoddhavādi

ugrasenoddhavādi - beginning with Ugrasena and Uddhava, Ugrasena, Uddhava, etc.

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (ugrasena+uddhava+ādi)

• ugrasena – Ugrasena (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• uddhava – Uddhava (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, and so on, et cetera, others
  adjective/noun (masculine)