महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-16, verse-11

मध्यमेन च गुल्मेन रक्षिता सारसंज्ञिता ।
उत्क्षिप्तगुल्मैश्च तथा हयैश्चैव पदातिभिः ॥११॥

11. madhyamena ca gulmena rakṣitā sārasaṁjñitā ,
utkṣiptagulmaiśca tathā hayaiścaiva padātibhiḥ.

11. madhyamena ca gulmena rakṣitā sārasaṃjñitā
utkṣiptagulmaiḥ ca tathā hayaiḥ ca eva padātibhiḥ

11. It was protected by the central division (gulma), which was designated as 'sāra' (essence), and similarly by the arrayed troops, cavalry, and foot-soldiers.

Words meanings summery:

• मध्यमेन (madhyamena) - by the central division (by the middle, by the central one)

• च (ca) - and, also

• गुल्मेन (gulmena) - by the division (military unit) (by the troop, by the squadron, by the thicket)

• रक्षिता (rakṣitā) - protected

• सारसंज्ञिता (sārasaṁjñitā) - which was designated as 'sāra' (essence) (designated as 'sāra', named 'sāra')

• उत्क्षिप्तगुल्मैः (utkṣiptagulmaiḥ) - by the arrayed troops (by uplifted troops, by deployed squadrons)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses, by cavalry

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - also (indeed, just, even, also)

• पदातिभिः (padātibhiḥ) - by foot-soldiers, by infantry

Words meanings and morphology

मध्यमेन (madhyamena) - by the central division (by the middle, by the central one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, central, intermediate

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गुल्मेन (gulmena) - by the division (military unit) (by the troop, by the squadron, by the thicket)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of gulma

gulma - cluster, thicket, troop, squadron, division (military)

रक्षिता (rakṣitā) - protected

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rakṣita

rakṣita - protected, guarded, preserved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'rakṣ' (to protect) with the suffix '-ta'.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implied feminine noun like 'senā' (army) or 'purī' (city).

सारसंज्ञिता (sārasaṁjñitā) - which was designated as 'sāra' (essence) (designated as 'sāra', named 'sāra')

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sārasaṃjñita

sārasaṁjñita - designated as 'sāra', named 'sāra', having the name 'sāra'

Compound type : tatpurusha (sāra+saṃjñita)

• sāra – essence, pith, strength, core, best part
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• saṃjñita – named, designated, called, indicated
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'jñā' (to know) with the prefix 'sam-'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jñā (class 9)

उत्क्षिप्तगुल्मैः (utkṣiptagulmaiḥ) - by the arrayed troops (by uplifted troops, by deployed squadrons)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of utkṣiptagulma

utkṣiptagulma - having uplifted or deployed troops/squadrons

Compound type : bahuvrihi (utkṣipta+gulma)

• utkṣipta – uplifted, thrown up, deployed, arranged
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'kṣip' (to throw) with the prefix 'ut-'.
  Prefix: ut
  Root: kṣip (class 6)
• gulma – troop, squadron, division (military)
  noun (masculine/neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

(indeclinable)

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses, by cavalry

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - also (indeed, just, even, also)

(indeclinable)

पदातिभिः (padātibhiḥ) - by foot-soldiers, by infantry

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of padāti

padāti - foot-soldier, infantryman, pedestrian