महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-15, verse-22

एतत्कार्यं महाबाहो येनाहं नागमं तदा ।
श्रुत्वैव हास्तिनपुरं द्यूतं चाविनयोत्थितम् ॥२२॥

22. etatkāryaṁ mahābāho yenāhaṁ nāgamaṁ tadā ,
śrutvaiva hāstinapuraṁ dyūtaṁ cāvinayotthitam.

22. etat kāryam mahābāho yena aham na āgamam tadā
śrutvā eva hāstinapuram dyūtam ca avinayotthitam

22. O mighty-armed one, this was the task due to which I did not come then, even after hearing about Hāstinapura and the gambling that arose from impropriety.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, duty, action, work

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

• येन (yena) - by which, because of which

• अहम् (aham) - I

• न (na) - not, no

• आगमम् (āgamam) - came, arrived

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

• हास्तिनपुरम् (hāstinapuram) - Hāstinapura (the city)

• द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling, dice-play

• च (ca) - and, also

• अविनयोत्थितम् (avinayotthitam) - arisen from impropriety, stemming from disrespect

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, duty, action, work

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, work, purpose

Gerundive

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-ya'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

येन (yena) - by which, because of which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to 'kāryam'

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आगमम् (āgamam) - came, arrived

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (aorist) (luṅ) of ā-gam

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: śru (class 5)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, even

(indeclinable)

हास्तिनपुरम् (hāstinapuram) - Hāstinapura (the city)

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hāstinapura

hāstinapura - Hāstinapura (the capital city of the Kauravas)

द्यूतम् (dyūtam) - gambling, dice-play

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, dice-play

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अविनयोत्थितम् (avinayotthitam) - arisen from impropriety, stemming from disrespect

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avinayotthita

avinayotthita - arisen from impropriety, stemming from disrespect

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'avinaya' (impropriety) and 'utthita' (arisen).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (avinaya+utthita)

• avinaya – impropriety, disrespect, ill-behavior
  noun (masculine)
• utthita – arisen, stood up, produced, originated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from prefix 'ut' + root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dyūtam'