महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-121, verse-23

नासत्यौ च कथं ब्रह्मन्कृतवान्सोमपीथिनौ ।
एतत्सर्वं यथावृत्तमाख्यातु भगवान्मम ॥२३॥

23. nāsatyau ca kathaṁ brahmankṛtavānsomapīthinau ,
etatsarvaṁ yathāvṛttamākhyātu bhagavānmama.

23. Nāsatyau ca katham brahman kṛtavān somapīthinau
etat sarvam yathāvṛttam ākhyātu bhagavān mama

23. And how, O Brāhmaṇa, did he make the two Nāsatyas (Aśvins) drinkers of soma? May the venerable sir tell me all this exactly as it occurred.

Words meanings summery:

• नासत्यौ (nāsatyau) - Refers to the Aśvin twins, divine physicians. (the two Nāsatyas (Aśvins))

• च (ca) - and, also

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - Yudhiṣṭhira is addressing Lomaśa, who is a Brāhmaṇa. (O Brāhmaṇa, O holy one)

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - caused them to become (made, did, caused)

• सोमपीथिनौ (somapīthinau) - drinkers of Soma

• एतत् (etat) - this

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, exactly as it occurred

• आख्यातु (ākhyātu) - may he tell, tell

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - Refers to Lomaśa. (venerable, divine, illustrious, lord)

• मम (mama) - to me (to me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

नासत्यौ (nāsatyau) - Refers to the Aśvin twins, divine physicians. (the two Nāsatyas (Aśvins))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of nāsatya

nāsatya - Nāsatya (an epithet of the Aśvins, usually in dual)

Note: Object of 'kṛtavān'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this question with the previous one.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - Yudhiṣṭhira is addressing Lomaśa, who is a Brāhmaṇa. (O Brāhmaṇa, O holy one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - a Brāhmaṇa; holy person; the ultimate reality (brahman)

Note: Used as an address for Lomaśa.

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - caused them to become (made, did, caused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, having made

Past Active Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' with suffix '-vat'. Nominative masculine singular.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implies the agent 'he' (referring to Bhargava/Cyavana from the previous verse).

सोमपीथिनौ (somapīthinau) - drinkers of Soma

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of somapīthin

somapīthin - drinker of Soma

Compound of Soma (moon-plant juice) and Pīthin (drinker)

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (soma+pīthin)

• soma – Soma (a divine drink, or the plant from which it is made)
  noun (masculine)
• pīthin – drinker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from √pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Predicate accusative with 'nāsatyau'.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the entire story.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, entire

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, entire

Note: Qualifies 'etat'.

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, exactly as it occurred

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yathāvṛtta

yathāvṛtta - as it happened, exactly as it occurred

Indeclinable compound (avyayībhāva) meaning 'according to what happened'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vṛtta)

• yathā – as, in which manner
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – occurred, happened, course
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛt (to be, to exist, to happen)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Adverbially modifying 'ākhyātu'.

आख्यातु (ākhyātu) - may he tell, tell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of khyā

Imperative Active

root 'khyā' (2nd class) with prefix 'ā' in imperative mood, 3rd person singular active voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: The agent is 'bhagavān'.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - Refers to Lomaśa. (venerable, divine, illustrious, lord)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, divine, illustrious, glorious, lord

Note: Acts as the subject for 'ākhyātu'.

मम (mama) - to me (to me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Usually genitive, but functions as dative here for 'to me'.