महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-121, verse-1

लोमश उवाच ।
नृगेण यजमानेन सोमेनेह पुरंदरः ।
तर्पितः श्रूयते राजन्स तृप्तो मदमभ्यगात् ॥१॥

1. lomaśa uvāca ,
nṛgeṇa yajamānena someneha puraṁdaraḥ ,
tarpitaḥ śrūyate rājansa tṛpto madamabhyagāt.

1. lomaśa uvāca nṛgeṇa yajamānena somena iha purandaraḥ
tarpitaḥ śrūyate rājan sa tṛptaḥ madam abhyagāt

1. lomaśa uvāca rājan,
iha nṛgeṇa yajamānena somena purandaraḥ tarpitaḥ śrūyate sa tṛptaḥ madam abhyagāt

1. Lomasa said: O King, it is heard that Purandara (Indra) was gratified here by Nṛga, who was performing a Vedic ritual (yajña) with Soma. Being thus satisfied, he attained a state of exhilaration.

Words meanings summery:

• लोमश (lomaśa) - Lomasa (Lomasa (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• नृगेण (nṛgeṇa) - by Nṛga

• यजमानेन (yajamānena) - by (Nṛga) who was performing a Vedic ritual (yajña) (by the performer of a Vedic ritual, by the sacrificer)

• सोमेन (somena) - with Soma (the ritual drink) (by Soma (the ritual drink), with Soma)

• इह (iha) - here (in this context/world) (here, in this world, in this case)

• पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Purandara (Indra) (Purandara (epithet of Indra, 'destroyer of forts'))

• तर्पितः (tarpitaḥ) - was gratified (satisfied, pleased, gratified)

• श्रूयते (śrūyate) - it is heard (it is heard, it is said)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• स (sa) - he (Purandara/Indra) (he, that)

• तृप्तः (tṛptaḥ) - being satisfied (satisfied, pleased)

• मदम् (madam) - a state of exhilaration (intoxication, delight, pride, exuberance)

• अभ्यगात् (abhyagāt) - attained (attained, approached, went towards)

Words meanings and morphology

लोमश (lomaśa) - Lomasa (Lomasa (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lomaśa

lomaśa - Lomasa (a sage mentioned in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac, perfect tense form

Root: vac (class 2)

नृगेण (nṛgeṇa) - by Nṛga

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nṛga

nṛga - Nṛga (name of an ancient king)

यजमानेन (yajamānena) - by (Nṛga) who was performing a Vedic ritual (yajña) (by the performer of a Vedic ritual, by the sacrificer)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yajamāna

yajamāna - performing a Vedic ritual, sacrificer, host of a Vedic ritual

Present Middle Participle

From root yaj (to worship, offer) with middle endings

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with nṛgeṇa.

सोमेन (somena) - with Soma (the ritual drink) (by Soma (the ritual drink), with Soma)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of soma

soma - the intoxicating juice of a plant, used in Vedic rituals; the plant itself; the moon

इह (iha) - here (in this context/world) (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

पुरन्दरः (purandaraḥ) - Purandara (Indra) (Purandara (epithet of Indra, 'destroyer of forts'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purandara

purandara - destroyer of forts; an epithet of Indra

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (pura+dṛ)

• pura – fortress, city, town
  noun (neuter)
• dṛ – to tear, cleave, destroy
  verb
  Root: dṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'tarpitaḥ śrūyate'.

तर्पितः (tarpitaḥ) - was gratified (satisfied, pleased, gratified)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tarpita

tarpita - satisfied, pleased, gratified, satiated

Past Passive Participle

From root tṛp (to satisfy, to be pleased)

Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective for Purandaraḥ.

श्रूयते (śrūyate) - it is heard (it is heard, it is said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of śru

Present Passive

From root śru (to hear), present tense, passive voice, middle ending

Root: śru (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

स (sa) - he (Purandara/Indra) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Purandaraḥ.

तृप्तः (tṛptaḥ) - being satisfied (satisfied, pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛpta

tṛpta - satisfied, pleased, gratified, satiated

Past Passive Participle

From root tṛp (to satisfy, to be pleased)

Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'sa'.

मदम् (madam) - a state of exhilaration (intoxication, delight, pride, exuberance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mada

mada - intoxication, delight, joy, pride, rut

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Object of abhyagāt.

अभ्यगात् (abhyagāt) - attained (attained, approached, went towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of gam

Aorist

From root gam (to go), aorist tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Prefix abhi.