महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-121, verse-12

अल्पावशेषा पृथिवी चैत्यैरासीन्महात्मनः ।
गयस्य यजमानस्य तत्र तत्र विशां पते ॥१२॥

12. alpāvaśeṣā pṛthivī caityairāsīnmahātmanaḥ ,
gayasya yajamānasya tatra tatra viśāṁ pate.

12. alpāvaśeṣā pṛthivī caityaiḥ āsīt mahātmanaḥ
gayasya yajamānasya tatra tatra viśāṃ pate

12. viśāṃ pate,
mahātmanaḥ yajamānasya gayasya pṛthivī alpāvaśeṣā tatra tatra caityaiḥ āsīt

12. O lord of the people, the earth had little remaining (open space) and was, here and there, covered with sacred mounds and shrines (caityas) for the great-souled Gaya, who was performing a Vedic ritual (yajña).

Words meanings summery:

• अल्पावशेषा (alpāvaśeṣā) - little remaining (open space) (little remaining, sparsely populated)

• पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the earth (earth, ground)

• चैत्यैः (caityaiḥ) - with sacred mounds and shrines (caityas) (by sanctuaries, by sacred mounds/shrines)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - it was (it was, existed)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - for the great-souled (Gaya) (of the great-souled, of the magnanimous)

• गयस्य (gayasya) - of Gaya (of Gaya (name of a king))

• यजमानस्य (yajamānasya) - of (Gaya) who was performing a Vedic ritual (yajña) (of the performer of a Vedic ritual, of the sacrificer)

• तत्र (tatra) - here and there (there, in that place)

• तत्र (tatra) - here and there (there, in that place)

• विशां (viśāṁ) - of the people (of the people, of the subjects)

• पते (pate) - O lord (O lord, O master)

Words meanings and morphology

अल्पावशेषा (alpāvaśeṣā) - little remaining (open space) (little remaining, sparsely populated)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of alpāvaśeṣa

alpāvaśeṣa - having little remaining, sparsely distributed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+avaśeṣa)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective
• avaśeṣa – remainder, residue, remaining
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ava
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Agrees with pṛthivī.

पृथिवी (pṛthivī) - the earth (earth, ground)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground, world

Note: Subject of āsīt.

चैत्यैः (caityaiḥ) - with sacred mounds and shrines (caityas) (by sanctuaries, by sacred mounds/shrines)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of caitya

caitya - sanctuary, shrine, sacred mound, monument

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Instrumental of means/association.

आसीत् (āsīt) - it was (it was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

From root as (to be), imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - for the great-souled (Gaya) (of the great-souled, of the magnanimous)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with gayasya.

गयस्य (gayasya) - of Gaya (of Gaya (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gaya

gaya - Gaya (name of an ancient king)

Note: Possessive or dative sense.

यजमानस्य (yajamānasya) - of (Gaya) who was performing a Vedic ritual (yajña) (of the performer of a Vedic ritual, of the sacrificer)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yajamāna

yajamāna - performing a Vedic ritual, sacrificer, host of a Vedic ritual

Present Middle Participle

From root yaj (to worship, offer) with middle endings

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with gayasya.

तत्र (tatra) - here and there (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice for 'here and there'.

तत्र (tatra) - here and there (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

विशां (viśāṁ) - of the people (of the people, of the subjects)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subject, community, settlement

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Part of the compound viśāṃpati.

पते (pate) - O lord (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Forms a compound vocative with viśāṃ.