महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-121, verse-22

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं विष्टम्भितस्तेन भगवान्पाकशासनः ।
किमर्थं भार्गवश्चापि कोपं चक्रे महातपाः ॥२२॥

22. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ viṣṭambhitastena bhagavānpākaśāsanaḥ ,
kimarthaṁ bhārgavaścāpi kopaṁ cakre mahātapāḥ.

22. Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham viṣṭambhitaḥ tena bhagavān
pākaśāsanaḥ kimartham bhārgavaḥ ca api kopam cakre mahātapāḥ

22. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "How was the venerable Indra (Pākaśāsana) stopped by him? And for what reason did the great ascetic (mahātapāḥ) Bhrigu's descendant (bhārgavaḥ) show anger?"

22. יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה אמר, איך שיתק אותו האדון פָּאקַשָׁאסַנַה (אִינְדְרַה)? ולמה כעס בן שושלת בְּהְרְגוּ בעל התרגול הרוחני העצום?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• विष्टम्भितः (viṣṭambhitaḥ) - stopped, obstructed, paralyzed

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, divine, illustrious, lord

• पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (chastiser of Pāka)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

• भार्गवः (bhārgavaḥ) - Refers to Cyavana, the son of Bhrigu. (descendant of Bhrigu; a Brāhmaṇa)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• कोपम् (kopam) - anger, wrath

• चक्रे (cakre) - showed (anger) (made, performed, showed, did)

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yudhiṣṭhira

Yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root 'vac' (2nd class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

विष्टम्भितः (viṣṭambhitaḥ) - stopped, obstructed, paralyzed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣṭambhita

viṣṭambhita - stopped, obstructed, paralyzed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'stambh' with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: stambh (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective with 'bhagavān Pākaśāsanaḥ'

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the agent who stopped Indra.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, divine, illustrious, lord

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, divine, illustrious, glorious, lord

Note: Qualifies Pākaśāsana.

पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (chastiser of Pāka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pākaśāsana

pākaśāsana - Indra (epithet meaning 'chastiser of Pāka')

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāka+śāsana)

• pāka – cooked, raw, immature; name of a demon
  noun (masculine)
• śāsana – ruler, chastiser, instructor
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √śās (to rule, to chastise)
  Root: śās (class 2)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.

भार्गवः (bhārgavaḥ) - Refers to Cyavana, the son of Bhrigu. (descendant of Bhrigu; a Brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhārgava

bhārgava - descendant of Bhrigu; a Brāhmaṇa; an epithet of Śukra or Cyavana

Taddhita derivation from Bhrigu

Note: Refers to Cyavana.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the 'also'.

कोपम् (kopam) - anger, wrath

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, rage

From √kup (to be angry)

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Object of 'cakre'.

चक्रे (cakre) - showed (anger) (made, performed, showed, did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of kṛ

Perfect Middle

root 'kṛ' (8th class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular middle voice.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with 'kopam' (anger) meaning 'showed anger'.

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, one of great penance

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• tapas – penance, asceticism, heat
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Bhārgava (Cyavana).

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