महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-121, verse-22

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं विष्टम्भितस्तेन भगवान्पाकशासनः ।
किमर्थं भार्गवश्चापि कोपं चक्रे महातपाः ॥२२॥

22. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ viṣṭambhitastena bhagavānpākaśāsanaḥ ,
kimarthaṁ bhārgavaścāpi kopaṁ cakre mahātapāḥ.

22. Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham viṣṭambhitaḥ tena bhagavān
pākaśāsanaḥ kimartham bhārgavaḥ ca api kopam cakre mahātapāḥ

22. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "How was the venerable Indra (Pākaśāsana) stopped by him? And for what reason did the great ascetic (mahātapāḥ) Bhrigu's descendant (bhārgavaḥ) show anger?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• विष्टम्भितः (viṣṭambhitaḥ) - stopped, obstructed, paralyzed

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, divine, illustrious, lord

• पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (chastiser of Pāka)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

• भार्गवः (bhārgavaḥ) - Refers to Cyavana, the son of Bhrigu. (descendant of Bhrigu; a Brāhmaṇa)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• कोपम् (kopam) - anger, wrath

• चक्रे (cakre) - showed (anger) (made, performed, showed, did)

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yudhiṣṭhira

Yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root 'vac' (2nd class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

विष्टम्भितः (viṣṭambhitaḥ) - stopped, obstructed, paralyzed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣṭambhita

viṣṭambhita - stopped, obstructed, paralyzed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'stambh' with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: stambh (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective with 'bhagavān Pākaśāsanaḥ'

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the agent who stopped Indra.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, divine, illustrious, lord

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, divine, illustrious, glorious, lord

Note: Qualifies Pākaśāsana.

पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (chastiser of Pāka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pākaśāsana

pākaśāsana - Indra (epithet meaning 'chastiser of Pāka')

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāka+śāsana)

• pāka – cooked, raw, immature; name of a demon
  noun (masculine)
• śāsana – ruler, chastiser, instructor
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √śās (to rule, to chastise)
  Root: śās (class 2)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage.

भार्गवः (bhārgavaḥ) - Refers to Cyavana, the son of Bhrigu. (descendant of Bhrigu; a Brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhārgava

bhārgava - descendant of Bhrigu; a Brāhmaṇa; an epithet of Śukra or Cyavana

Taddhita derivation from Bhrigu

Note: Refers to Cyavana.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the 'also'.

कोपम् (kopam) - anger, wrath

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, rage

From √kup (to be angry)

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Object of 'cakre'.

चक्रे (cakre) - showed (anger) (made, performed, showed, did)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of kṛ

Perfect Middle

root 'kṛ' (8th class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular middle voice.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with 'kopam' (anger) meaning 'showed anger'.

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, one of great penance

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• tapas – penance, asceticism, heat
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Bhārgava (Cyavana).