महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-119, verse-9

कथं नु भीष्मश्च कृपश्च विप्रो द्रोणश्च राजा च कुलस्य वृद्धः ।
प्रव्राज्य पार्थान्सुखमाप्नुवन्ति धिक्पापबुद्धीन्भरतप्रधानान् ॥९॥

9. kathaṁ nu bhīṣmaśca kṛpaśca vipro; droṇaśca rājā ca kulasya vṛddhaḥ ,
pravrājya pārthānsukhamāpnuvanti; dhikpāpabuddhīnbharatapradhānān.

9. katham nu bhīṣmaḥ ca kṛpaḥ ca vipraḥ
droṇaḥ ca rājā ca kulasya vṛddhaḥ
pravrājya pārthān sukham āpnuvanti
dhik pāpabuddhīn bharatapradhānān

9. How indeed can Bhishma, and Kripa, and the Brahmin Drona, and King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), who is the elder of the family, obtain happiness (sukha) after exiling the Pārthas? Shame upon these chief Bharatas with their sinful intentions!

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• नु (nu) - indeed, then (interrogative or emphatic particle)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• च (ca) - and

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kripa

• च (ca) - and

• विप्रः (vipraḥ) - the Brahmin Drona (brahmin, learned man)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (Acharya Drona)

• च (ca) - and

• राजा (rājā) - King Dhritarashtra (king)

• च (ca) - and

• कुलस्य (kulasya) - of the family, of the lineage

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - the elder of the family (old, elder, grown)

• प्रव्राज्य (pravrājya) - having exiled, having caused to wander

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pandavas (Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna) (the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā))

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (sukha), joy, pleasure

• आप्नुवन्ति (āpnuvanti) - they obtain, they achieve, they reach

• धिक् (dhik) - shame on, fie upon, woe to

• पापबुद्धीन् (pāpabuddhīn) - those with wicked minds, evil-minded

• भरतप्रधानान् (bharatapradhānān) - chief Bharatas, leaders of the Bharata clan

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, then (interrogative or emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru patriarch)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kripa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kripa (name of a warrior and teacher)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विप्रः (vipraḥ) - the Brahmin Drona (brahmin, learned man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, inspired, learned man

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (Acharya Drona)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the teacher of the Kuru princes)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - King Dhritarashtra (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कुलस्य (kulasya) - of the family, of the lineage

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, clan, race

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - the elder of the family (old, elder, grown)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, elder, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow) + kta suffix

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

प्रव्राज्य (pravrājya) - having exiled, having caused to wander

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root vraj (to go, wander) + prefix pra + lyap suffix (for absolutive)

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pandavas (Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna) (the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (epithet for Yudhishthira, Arjuna, Bhima)

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (sukha), joy, pleasure

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure

आप्नुवन्ति (āpnuvanti) - they obtain, they achieve, they reach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of āp

Root: āp (class 5)

धिक् (dhik) - shame on, fie upon, woe to

(indeclinable)

पापबुद्धीन् (pāpabuddhīn) - those with wicked minds, evil-minded

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāpabuddhi

pāpabuddhi - wicked-minded, evil-minded

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pāpa+buddhi)

• pāpa – evil, wicked, sinful, bad
  adjective
• buddhi – intellect, mind, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh

भरतप्रधानान् (bharatapradhānān) - chief Bharatas, leaders of the Bharata clan

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bharatapradhāna

bharatapradhāna - chief Bharatas, leaders among the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+pradhāna)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a member of the Bharata clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• pradhāna – chief, principal, leader
  noun (masculine)