महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-119, verse-8

अयं हि धर्मप्रभवो नरेन्द्रो धर्मे रतः सत्यधृतिः प्रदाता ।
चलेद्धि राज्याच्च सुखाच्च पार्थो धर्मादपेतश्च कथं विवर्धेत् ॥८॥

8. ayaṁ hi dharmaprabhavo narendro; dharme rataḥ satyadhṛtiḥ pradātā ,
caleddhi rājyācca sukhācca pārtho; dharmādapetaśca kathaṁ vivardhet.

8. ayam hi dharmaprabhavaḥ narendraḥ
dharme rataḥ satyadhṛtiḥ pradātā
calet hi rājyāt ca sukhāt ca pārthaḥ
dharmāt apetaḥ ca katham vivardhet

8. This king (Yudhishthira) is indeed born from righteousness (dharma); he is devoted to (dharma), firm in truth, and a generous giver. Yet, Pārtha (Yudhishthira) has fallen from his kingdom and from happiness (sukha). How then could someone who has departed from righteousness (dharma) possibly prosper?

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• धर्मप्रभवः (dharmaprabhavaḥ) - born of righteousness (dharma), whose origin is dharma

• नरेन्द्रः (narendraḥ) - King Yudhishthira (king, lord of men)

• धर्मे (dharme) - in righteousness, in duty (dharma)

• रतः (rataḥ) - devoted, engaged, delighting in

• सत्यधृतिः (satyadhṛtiḥ) - firm in truth, whose resolve is truth

• प्रदाता (pradātā) - a generous giver, bestower

• चलेत् (calet) - would move, would deviate, might fall

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from the kingdom

• च (ca) - and

• सुखात् (sukhāt) - from happiness (sukha), from pleasure

• च (ca) - and

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Yudhishthira (as son of Pṛthā/Kuntī) (son of Pṛthā)

• धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from righteousness, from natural law (dharma)

• अपेतः (apetaḥ) - departed, gone away from, deviated

• च (ca) - and

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• विवर्धेत् (vivardhet) - would prosper, would grow

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

धर्मप्रभवः (dharmaprabhavaḥ) - born of righteousness (dharma), whose origin is dharma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaprabhava

dharmaprabhava - born of righteousness, having dharma as origin

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+prabhava)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ
• prabhava – origin, source, birth, power
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū

नरेन्द्रः (narendraḥ) - King Yudhishthira (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+indra)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra
  noun (masculine)

धर्मे (dharme) - in righteousness, in duty (dharma)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, virtue

Root: dhṛ

रतः (rataḥ) - devoted, engaged, delighting in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - devoted to, engaged in, delighted by, fond of

Past Passive Participle

From root ram (to delight, to sport) + kta suffix

Root: ram (class 1)

सत्यधृतिः (satyadhṛtiḥ) - firm in truth, whose resolve is truth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyadhṛti

satyadhṛti - firm in truth, whose resolve is truth

Compound type : bahuvrihi (satya+dhṛti)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• dhṛti – firmness, steadfastness, resolve, courage
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhṛ

प्रदाता (pradātā) - a generous giver, bestower

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradātṛ

pradātṛ - giver, bestower, liberal, generous

Agent noun from pradā (to give)

Prefix: pra

Root: dā

चलेत् (calet) - would move, would deviate, might fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of cal

Root: cal (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

राज्यात् (rājyāt) - from the kingdom

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सुखात् (sukhāt) - from happiness (sukha), from pleasure

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Yudhishthira (as son of Pṛthā/Kuntī) (son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (epithet for Yudhishthira, Arjuna, Bhima)

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī)

धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from righteousness, from natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, virtue

Root: dhṛ

अपेतः (apetaḥ) - departed, gone away from, deviated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apeta

apeta - departed, gone away from, separated from, deviated

Past Passive Participle

From root i (to go) with prefix apa + kta suffix

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

विवर्धेत् (vivardhet) - would prosper, would grow

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vivṛdh

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)