महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-119, verse-22

जिते हि धर्मस्य सुते सभार्ये सभ्रातृके सानुचरे निरस्ते ।
दुर्योधने चापि विवर्धमाने कथं न सीदत्यवनिः सशैला ॥२२॥

22. jite hi dharmasya sute sabhārye; sabhrātṛke sānucare niraste ,
duryodhane cāpi vivardhamāne; kathaṁ na sīdatyavaniḥ saśailā.

22. jite hi dharmasya sute sabhārye
sabhrātṛke sānucare niraste
duryodhane ca api vivardhamāne
kathaṃ na sīdati avaniḥ saśailā

22. Indeed, when the son of Dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira), along with his wife, brothers, and followers, was defeated and banished, and Duryodhana continued to prosper, how is it that the earth, with its mountains, does not languish?

Words meanings summery:

• जिते (jite) - when defeated (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers) (when conquered, when defeated)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of Dharma (personified) (of dharma, of righteousness, of natural law)

• सुते (sute) - when the son (Yudhiṣṭhira) (to the son, in the son, when the son)

• सभार्ये (sabhārye) - along with his wife (Draupadī) (with wife, accompanied by wife)

• सभ्रातृके (sabhrātṛke) - along with his brothers (Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva) (with brothers, accompanied by brothers)

• सानुचरे (sānucare) - along with his followers/attendants (with followers, accompanied by attendants)

• निरस्ते (niraste) - banished, cast out (cast out, banished, humiliated, rejected)

• दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - when Duryodhana (in Duryodhana, when Duryodhana)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

• विवर्धमाने (vivardhamāne) - when prospering, when flourishing (when growing, when prospering, when flourishing)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how?)

• न (na) - not

• सीदति (sīdati) - languishes, suffers (languishes, sinks, suffers, despairs)

• अवनिः (avaniḥ) - the earth (the earth, ground)

• सशैला (saśailā) - with its mountains (with mountains, accompanied by mountains)

Words meanings and morphology

जिते (jite) - when defeated (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira and his brothers) (when conquered, when defeated)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, vanquished, defeated, gained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ji with suffix kta

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to sute (Yudhiṣṭhira), taking locative absolute construction.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of Dharma (personified) (of dharma, of righteousness, of natural law)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, moral order, duty, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सुते (sute) - when the son (Yudhiṣṭhira) (to the son, in the son, when the son)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sū (to give birth)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction with jite, sabhārye, sabhrātṛke, sānucare, niraste.

सभार्ये (sabhārye) - along with his wife (Draupadī) (with wife, accompanied by wife)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sabhārya

sabhārya - accompanied by one's wife, with wife

Prefix sa- (with) + bhāryā (wife)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+bhāryā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• bhāryā – wife, married woman
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of bhārya (to be supported)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Refers to sute.

सभ्रातृके (sabhrātṛke) - along with his brothers (Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva) (with brothers, accompanied by brothers)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sabhrātṛka

sabhrātṛka - accompanied by brothers, having brothers

Prefix sa- (with) + bhrātṛ (brother) + ka (suffix)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+bhrātṛ)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• bhrātṛ – brother
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to sute.

सानुचरे (sānucare) - along with his followers/attendants (with followers, accompanied by attendants)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sānucara

sānucara - accompanied by attendants/followers

Prefix sa- (with) + anucara (follower)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+anucara)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• anucara – follower, attendant, companion
  noun (masculine)
  From anu-√car (to follow)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to sute.

निरस्ते (niraste) - banished, cast out (cast out, banished, humiliated, rejected)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nirasta

nirasta - thrown out, rejected, banished, humiliated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from nis-√as (to throw out) with suffix kta

Prefix: nis

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Refers to sute, part of locative absolute construction.

दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - when Duryodhana (in Duryodhana, when Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

विवर्धमाने (vivardhamāne) - when prospering, when flourishing (when growing, when prospering, when flourishing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vivardhamāna

vivardhamāna - growing, increasing, prospering, flourishing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from vi-√vṛdh (to grow, increase) with suffix śānac

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Refers to duryodhane, part of locative absolute construction.

कथं (kathaṁ) - how (how?)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

सीदति (sīdati) - languishes, suffers (languishes, sinks, suffers, despairs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sīd

Present Active Indicative

From root √sad (to sit) with reduplication sīda

Root: sad (class 1)

अवनिः (avaniḥ) - the earth (the earth, ground)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avani

avani - earth, ground, land

Note: Subject of sīdati.

सशैला (saśailā) - with its mountains (with mountains, accompanied by mountains)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saśaila

saśaila - with mountains, accompanied by mountains

Prefix sa- (with) + śaila (mountain)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+śaila)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• śaila – mountain, rock, hill
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to avaniḥ.