महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-51, verse-4

दुर्योधन उवाच ।
अयमुत्सहते राजञ्श्रियमाहर्तुमक्षवित् ।
द्यूतेन पाण्डुपुत्रेभ्यस्तत्तुभ्यं तात रोचताम् ॥४॥

4. duryodhana uvāca ,
ayamutsahate rājañśriyamāhartumakṣavit ,
dyūtena pāṇḍuputrebhyastattubhyaṁ tāta rocatām.

4. duryodhanaḥ uvāca | ayam utsahate rājan śriyam āhartum
akṣavit | dyūtena pāṇḍuputrebhyaḥ tat tubhyam tāta rocatām

4. Duryodhana said: "This expert in dice (akṣavit) is eager, O King, to seize the prosperity (śrī) from the sons of Pāṇḍu through gambling. May that be pleasing to you, dear father!"

4. דוּרְיוֹדְהַנַה אמר, הו מלך, מומחה הקוביות הזה נכון להביא לך בהימור את השגשוג מבני פָּאנְדוּ. אבי היקר, יהא הדבר רצוי בעיניך.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to Śakuni) (this one, he)

• उत्सहते (utsahate) - he is eager, he endeavors, he tries

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity (śrī) (prosperity, wealth, glory, fortune)

• आहर्तुम् (āhartum) - to seize, to take away

• अक्षवित् (akṣavit) - (this) expert in dice (Śakuni) (expert in dice, dice player)

• द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, by dice

• पाण्डुपुत्रेभ्यः (pāṇḍuputrebhyaḥ) - from the sons of Pāṇḍu

• तत् (tat) - that (proposal) (that, this)

• तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you, for you

• तात (tāta) - dear father (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (dear father, dear one (term of endearment))

• रोचताम् (rocatām) - may that be pleasing (to you) (let it be pleasing, may it please)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, eldest Kaurava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From √vac (2nd class). Perfect 3rd singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to Śakuni) (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

उत्सहते (utsahate) - he is eager, he endeavors, he tries

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sah

Present Middle

From √sah (1st class) with prefix 'ud-', present 3rd singular middle (ātmanepada).

Prefix: ud

Root: sah (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity (śrī) (prosperity, wealth, glory, fortune)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, glory, fortune, beauty, the goddess Lakṣmī

Note: Object of the infinitive 'āhartum'.

आहर्तुम् (āhartum) - to seize, to take away

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From √hṛ (1st class) with prefix ā- and suffix '-tum'.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or intention.

अक्षवित् (akṣavit) - (this) expert in dice (Śakuni) (expert in dice, dice player)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣavid

akṣavid - expert in dice, dice player

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (akṣa+vid)

• akṣa – dice, gaming-dice
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knower, expert
  noun (masculine)
  Root √vid 'to know', used as a noun agent.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'ayam'.

द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, by dice

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, dice

Note: Indicates the means.

पाण्डुपुत्रेभ्यः (pāṇḍuputrebhyaḥ) - from the sons of Pāṇḍu

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (proper name, father of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates separation/source.

तत् (tat) - that (proposal) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the whole proposition.

तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

तात (tāta) - dear father (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (dear father, dear one (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of endearment, often used by son to father or superior to inferior)

रोचताम् (rocatām) - may that be pleasing (to you) (let it be pleasing, may it please)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ruc

Imperative Middle

From √ruc (1st class) in ātmanepada, imperative 3rd singular.

Root: ruc (class 1)

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