महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-51, verse-4

दुर्योधन उवाच ।
अयमुत्सहते राजञ्श्रियमाहर्तुमक्षवित् ।
द्यूतेन पाण्डुपुत्रेभ्यस्तत्तुभ्यं तात रोचताम् ॥४॥

4. duryodhana uvāca ,
ayamutsahate rājañśriyamāhartumakṣavit ,
dyūtena pāṇḍuputrebhyastattubhyaṁ tāta rocatām.

4. duryodhanaḥ uvāca | ayam utsahate rājan śriyam āhartum
akṣavit | dyūtena pāṇḍuputrebhyaḥ tat tubhyam tāta rocatām

4. Duryodhana said: "This expert in dice (akṣavit) is eager, O King, to seize the prosperity (śrī) from the sons of Pāṇḍu through gambling. May that be pleasing to you, dear father!"

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to Śakuni) (this one, he)

• उत्सहते (utsahate) - he is eager, he endeavors, he tries

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity (śrī) (prosperity, wealth, glory, fortune)

• आहर्तुम् (āhartum) - to seize, to take away

• अक्षवित् (akṣavit) - (this) expert in dice (Śakuni) (expert in dice, dice player)

• द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, by dice

• पाण्डुपुत्रेभ्यः (pāṇḍuputrebhyaḥ) - from the sons of Pāṇḍu

• तत् (tat) - that (proposal) (that, this)

• तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you, for you

• तात (tāta) - dear father (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (dear father, dear one (term of endearment))

• रोचताम् (rocatām) - may that be pleasing (to you) (let it be pleasing, may it please)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, eldest Kaurava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From √vac (2nd class). Perfect 3rd singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - this one (referring to Śakuni) (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

उत्सहते (utsahate) - he is eager, he endeavors, he tries

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sah

Present Middle

From √sah (1st class) with prefix 'ud-', present 3rd singular middle (ātmanepada).

Prefix: ud

Root: sah (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

श्रियम् (śriyam) - prosperity (śrī) (prosperity, wealth, glory, fortune)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - prosperity, wealth, glory, fortune, beauty, the goddess Lakṣmī

Note: Object of the infinitive 'āhartum'.

आहर्तुम् (āhartum) - to seize, to take away

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From √hṛ (1st class) with prefix ā- and suffix '-tum'.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or intention.

अक्षवित् (akṣavit) - (this) expert in dice (Śakuni) (expert in dice, dice player)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣavid

akṣavid - expert in dice, dice player

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (akṣa+vid)

• akṣa – dice, gaming-dice
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knower, expert
  noun (masculine)
  Root √vid 'to know', used as a noun agent.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'ayam'.

द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, by dice

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, dice

Note: Indicates the means.

पाण्डुपुत्रेभ्यः (pāṇḍuputrebhyaḥ) - from the sons of Pāṇḍu

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (proper name, father of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates separation/source.

तत् (tat) - that (proposal) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the whole proposition.

तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

तात (tāta) - dear father (addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (dear father, dear one (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of endearment, often used by son to father or superior to inferior)

रोचताम् (rocatām) - may that be pleasing (to you) (let it be pleasing, may it please)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ruc

Imperative Middle

From √ruc (1st class) in ātmanepada, imperative 3rd singular.

Root: ruc (class 1)