महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-51, verse-2

अगत्वा संशयमहमयुद्ध्वा च चमूमुखे ।
अक्षान्क्षिपन्नक्षतः सन्विद्वानविदुषो जये ॥२॥

2. agatvā saṁśayamahamayuddhvā ca camūmukhe ,
akṣānkṣipannakṣataḥ sanvidvānaviduṣo jaye.

2. agatvā saṃśayam aham ayuddhvā ca camūmukhe |
akṣān kṣipan akṣataḥ san vidvān avidhuṣaḥ jaye

2. Without incurring doubt, and without fighting on the battlefield, by throwing the dice, I, the uninjured expert, will defeat the non-expert.

Words meanings summery:

• अगत्वा (agatvā) - without incurring (doubt) (without having gone, without incurring)

• संशयम् (saṁśayam) - doubt (or risk, danger) (doubt, uncertainty, risk, danger)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Śakuni) (I)

• अयुद्ध्वा (ayuddhvā) - without having fought

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चमूमुखे (camūmukhe) - on the battlefield (in the front of the army, on the battlefield)

• अक्षान् (akṣān) - dice, gaming-dice

• क्षिपन् (kṣipan) - (I) throwing (dice) (throwing, casting)

• अक्षतः (akṣataḥ) - uninjured (referring to Śakuni, meaning without harm or risk from battle) (uninjured, unharmed, intact)

• सन् (san) - (while) being (uninjured) (being, existing)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - (I) the expert (in gambling) (knowing, wise, expert)

• अविधुषः (avidhuṣaḥ) - the non-expert (Yudhiṣṭhira) (not knowing, ignorant, non-expert)

• जये (jaye) - I will conquer, I will win (in gambling) (I conquer, I win)

Words meanings and morphology

अगत्वा (agatvā) - without incurring (doubt) (without having gone, without incurring)

(indeclinable)

Negative Absolutive (Gerund)

From √gam (1st class) with negative prefix 'a-' and suffix '-tvā'.

Prefix: a

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'a-' denotes negation, 'without'.

संशयम् (saṁśayam) - doubt (or risk, danger) (doubt, uncertainty, risk, danger)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, risk, danger

अहम् (aham) - I (Śakuni) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

अयुद्ध्वा (ayuddhvā) - without having fought

(indeclinable)

Negative Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from √yudh (4th class) with negative prefix 'a-' and suffix '-tvā'.

Prefix: a

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: The prefix 'a-' denotes negation, 'without'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

चमूमुखे (camūmukhe) - on the battlefield (in the front of the army, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of camūmukha

camūmukha - front of the army, battlefield

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (camū+mukha)

• camū – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front, beginning
  noun (neuter)

अक्षान् (akṣān) - dice, gaming-dice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of akṣa

akṣa - dice, gaming-dice; axle; eye

क्षिपन् (kṣipan) - (I) throwing (dice) (throwing, casting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣip

kṣip - to throw, to cast

Present Active Participle

From √kṣip (6th class), present active participle, masculine singular nominative.

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Functions adjectivally to describe the agent 'I'.

अक्षतः (akṣataḥ) - uninjured (referring to Śakuni, meaning without harm or risk from battle) (uninjured, unharmed, intact)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣata

akṣata - uninjured, unharmed, inviolate, complete

Negative prefix 'a-' + 'kṣata' (past passive participle of √kṣan 'to injure')

Prefix: a

Root: kṣan (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

सन् (san) - (while) being (uninjured) (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of as

as - to be, to exist

Present Active Participle

From √as (2nd class), present active participle, masculine singular nominative.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Functions adjectivally to describe the agent 'I'.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - (I) the expert (in gambling) (knowing, wise, expert)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - knowing, wise, learned, expert

Perfect Active Participle

From √vid (2nd class), perfect active participle, masculine singular nominative.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Functions adjectivally to describe the agent 'I'.

अविधुषः (avidhuṣaḥ) - the non-expert (Yudhiṣṭhira) (not knowing, ignorant, non-expert)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of avidvas

avidvas - not knowing, ignorant, non-expert

Negative Perfect Active Participle

Negative prefix 'a-' + 'vidvas' (perfect active participle of √vid). Masculine singular genitive/ablative.

Prefix: a

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, who is not an expert in gambling.

जये (jaye) - I will conquer, I will win (in gambling) (I conquer, I win)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ji

Present Middle

From √ji (1st class), present 1st singular middle (ātmanepada).

Root: ji (class 1)