महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-51, verse-12

दुर्योधन उवाच ।
द्यूते पुराणैर्व्यवहारः प्रणीतस्तत्रात्ययो नास्ति न संप्रहारः ।
तद्रोचतां शकुनेर्वाक्यमद्य सभां क्षिप्रं त्वमिहाज्ञापयस्व ॥१२॥

12. duryodhana uvāca ,
dyūte purāṇairvyavahāraḥ praṇīta;statrātyayo nāsti na saṁprahāraḥ ,
tadrocatāṁ śakunervākyamadya; sabhāṁ kṣipraṁ tvamihājñāpayasva.

12. duryodhanaḥ uvāca dyūte purāṇaiḥ vyavahāraḥ
praṇītaḥ tatra atyayaḥ na asti na
saṃprahāraḥ tat rocatām śakuneḥ vākyam
adya sabhām kṣipram tvam iha ājñāpayasva

12. Duryodhana said: "Regarding the dice game, the custom (vyavahāra) was established by the ancients; in it, there is no transgression and no assault. Therefore, let Shakuni's words be agreeable today. You should quickly command this assembly."

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• द्यूते (dyūte) - in gambling, in the dice game

• पुराणैः (purāṇaiḥ) - by the ancients, by the old ones

• व्यवहारः (vyavahāraḥ) - custom, practice (custom, practice, conduct, transaction)

• प्रणीतः (praṇītaḥ) - established, laid down, led forth

• तत्र (tatra) - in that (dice game) (there, in that)

• अत्ययः (atyayaḥ) - transgression (transgression, offence, passing away)

• न (na) - not

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• न (na) - nor, not

• संप्रहारः (saṁprahāraḥ) - assault, attack, striking together

• तत् (tat) - therefore (referring to Shakuni's words) (that, therefore)

• रोचताम् (rocatām) - let it be agreeable, let it be pleasing

• शकुनेः (śakuneḥ) - of Shakuni

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly, hall

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• इह (iha) - here, in this place

• आज्ञापयस्व (ājñāpayasva) - you should command, you should order

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a prince in the Mahābhārata, son of Dhritarashtra)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'yudh'
  Root: yudh (class 4)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

द्यूते (dyūte) - in gambling, in the dice game

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, dice game, game of dice

From root 'dyut'

Root: dyut (class 1)

पुराणैः (purāṇaiḥ) - by the ancients, by the old ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of purāṇa

purāṇa - ancient, old, former, a class of sacred Hindu texts

Note: Often used as a noun meaning 'the ancients'.

व्यवहारः (vyavahāraḥ) - custom, practice (custom, practice, conduct, transaction)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavahāra

vyavahāra - practice, custom, conduct, usage, transaction, lawsuit

From root 'hṛ' with prefixes 'vi' and 'ava'

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

प्रणीतः (praṇītaḥ) - established, laid down, led forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇīta

praṇīta - established, laid down, led forth, composed, enacted

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root 'nī' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: nī (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - in that (dice game) (there, in that)

(indeclinable)

अत्ययः (atyayaḥ) - transgression (transgression, offence, passing away)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atyaya

atyaya - transgression, offence, violation, passing away, expiration

From root 'i' with prefix 'ati'

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - nor, not

(indeclinable)

संप्रहारः (saṁprahāraḥ) - assault, attack, striking together

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃprahāra

saṁprahāra - assault, attack, battle, striking together, conflict

From root 'hṛ' with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

तत् (tat) - therefore (referring to Shakuni's words) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, therefore

रोचताम् (rocatām) - let it be agreeable, let it be pleasing

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperative (lot) of ruc

Root: ruc (class 1)

शकुनेः (śakuneḥ) - of Shakuni

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Shakuni (a character in the Mahābhārata, brother of Gandhari and maternal uncle of Duryodhana)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence

From root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly, hall

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, court, hall, meeting place

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Adverbial use.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

इह (iha) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

आज्ञापयस्व (ājñāpayasva) - you should command, you should order

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (lot) of ājñāpay

Causative verb

Causative of root 'jñā' with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)