महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-44, verse-18

शकुनिरुवाच ।
द्यूतप्रियश्च कौन्तेयो न च जानाति देवितुम् ।
समाहूतश्च राजेन्द्रो न शक्ष्यति निवर्तितुम् ॥१८॥

18. śakuniruvāca ,
dyūtapriyaśca kaunteyo na ca jānāti devitum ,
samāhūtaśca rājendro na śakṣyati nivartitum.

18. śakuniḥ uvāca dyūtapriyaḥ ca kaunteyaḥ na ca jānāti
devitum samāhūtaḥ ca rājendraḥ na śakṣyati nivartitum

18. Shakuni said, "Kaunteya is fond of gambling, but he doesn't know how to play. And once that king of kings has been summoned, he will not be able to refuse."

Words meanings summery:

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice (Shakuni)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• द्यूतप्रियः (dyūtapriyaḥ) - fond of gambling, devoted to gambling

• च (ca) - and, also

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava brother (son of Kunti)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• जानाति (jānāti) - knows, understands

• देवितुम् (devitum) - to gamble, to play with dice

• समाहूतः (samāhūtaḥ) - having been summoned, called

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजेन्द्रः (rājendraḥ) - Yudhishthira (king of kings, emperor)

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्ष्यति (śakṣyati) - will be able, will be capable

• निवर्तितुम् (nivartitum) - to refuse (to come/play) (to turn back, to return, to refuse)

Words meanings and morphology

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Uncle of Duryodhana, known for his skill in dice (Shakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - a bird, Shakuni (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac, class 2, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

द्यूतप्रियः (dyūtapriyaḥ) - fond of gambling, devoted to gambling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dyūtapriya

dyūtapriya - fond of gambling, devoted to gambling

Compound type : tatpurusha (dyūta+priya)

• dyūta – gambling, dice play
  noun (neuter)
  From root div (to play) + kta
  Root: div (class 4)
• priya – dear, beloved, fond of
  adjective (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava brother (son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti (proper name)

Appellation from Kunti (mother)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

जानाति (jānāti) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Active

Root jñā, class 9, present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: jñā (class 9)

देवितुम् (devitum) - to gamble, to play with dice

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root div

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Infinitive form, functioning as an indeclinable.

समाहूतः (samāhūtaḥ) - having been summoned, called

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāhūta

samāhūta - summoned, called together

Past Passive Participle

From sam + ā + root hve (to call)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective here modifying 'rājendraḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजेन्द्रः (rājendraḥ) - Yudhishthira (king of kings, emperor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, supreme ruler

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (chief of gods), best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शक्ष्यति (śakṣyati) - will be able, will be capable

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of śak

Future Active

Root śak, class 5, future tense, 3rd person singular

Root: śak (class 5)

निवर्तितुम् (nivartitum) - to refuse (to come/play) (to turn back, to return, to refuse)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root vṛt with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Infinitive form, functioning as an indeclinable.