महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-8, verse-8

अहं तु पुत्रो भगवान्पिता राजा गुरुश्च मे ।
निदेशवर्ती च पितुः पुत्रो भवति धर्मतः ॥८॥

8. ahaṁ tu putro bhagavānpitā rājā guruśca me ,
nideśavartī ca pituḥ putro bhavati dharmataḥ.

8. aham tu putraḥ bhagavān pitā rājā guruḥ ca me
nideśavartī ca pituḥ putraḥ bhavati dharmataḥ

8. aham tu putraḥ bhagavān me pitā rājā guruḥ ca
putraḥ ca pituḥ nideśavartī dharmataḥ bhavati

8. But I am a son, and the venerable one (Bhagavān) is my father, my king, and my spiritual teacher (guru). And a son, according to natural law (dharma), must always be obedient to his father.

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I (Yudhiṣṭhira) (I, myself)

• तु (tu) - but, (introduces a contrast or emphasis) (but, indeed, however)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - (I am) a son (son, child)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - The venerable Vyāsa (venerable one, divine, glorious, auspicious)

• पिता (pitā) - my father (father)

• राजा (rājā) - my king (Yudhiṣṭhira is the king, so this refers to Vyasa as his sovereign/authority, not that Vyasa literally is a king in the political sense, but a supreme authority) (king, ruler)

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - my spiritual teacher (guru) (teacher, spiritual guide)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मे (me) - my (possessive) (my, to me, for me)

• निदेशवर्ती (nideśavartī) - obedient (to father's instructions) (obedient, following instructions, abiding by commands)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father (of the father, from the father)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son, child)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is (in the sense of 'should be') (is, becomes, exists)

• धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to natural law (dharma) (by (dharma), according to natural law, righteously)

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I (Yudhiṣṭhira) (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun

तु (tu) - but, (introduces a contrast or emphasis) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - (I am) a son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

Root: put

Note: Predicate nominative for 'aham'

भगवान् (bhagavān) - The venerable Vyāsa (venerable one, divine, glorious, auspicious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - venerable, glorious, divine, auspicious, possessing fortune/splendor

From bhaga (fortune) + vat (possessive suffix)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Vyāsa

पिता (pitā) - my father (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Predicate nominative for 'Bhagavān'

राजा (rājā) - my king (Yudhiṣṭhira is the king, so this refers to Vyasa as his sovereign/authority, not that Vyasa literally is a king in the political sense, but a supreme authority) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

गुरुः (guruḥ) - my spiritual teacher (guru) (teacher, spiritual guide)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual preceptor, heavy, venerable

Root: gṛ (class 6)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

मे (me) - my (possessive) (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun

Note: Qualifies 'pitā, rājā, guruḥ'

निदेशवर्ती (nideśavartī) - obedient (to father's instructions) (obedient, following instructions, abiding by commands)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nideśavartin

nideśavartin - following directions, obedient to commands

Compound of nideśa (command) and vartin (acting, existing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nideśa+vartin)

• nideśa – direction, order, command, instruction
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root diś (to point) with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: diś (class 6)
• vartin – existing, being, acting, abiding in, dependent on
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix 'in' from root vṛt
  Derived from the root vṛt (to turn, to be)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'putraḥ'

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father (of the father, from the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Qualifies 'nideśavartī'

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

Root: put

Note: Subject of 'bhavati'

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is (in the sense of 'should be') (is, becomes, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Present active

Present indicative, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to natural law (dharma) (by (dharma), according to natural law, righteously)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -tas added to dharma

Root: dhṛ (class 1)