महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-38, verse-12

तमहं रक्षती विप्रं शापादनपराधिनम् ।
पुत्रो मे त्वत्समो देव भवेदिति ततोऽब्रुवम् ॥१२॥

12. tamahaṁ rakṣatī vipraṁ śāpādanaparādhinam ,
putro me tvatsamo deva bhavediti tato'bruvam.

12. tam aham rakṣatī vipram śāpāt anaparādhinam putraḥ
me tvat-samaḥ deva bhavet iti tataḥ abruvam

12. aham tam anaparādhinam vipram śāpāt rakṣatī tataḥ
iti abruvam deva me tvat-samaḥ putraḥ bhavet

12. I protected that innocent Brahmin from the curse. Then I said, 'May a son like you, O god, be born to me.'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (Brahmin) (him, that)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• रक्षती (rakṣatī) - I (who was) protecting (protecting, guarding)

• विप्रम् (vipram) - Brahmin, learned person

• शापात् (śāpāt) - from a curse, due to a curse

• अनपराधिनम् (anaparādhinam) - innocent, faultless, guiltless

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• मे (me) - for me (expressing desire for a son) (to me, my, for me)

• त्वत्-समः (tvat-samaḥ) - like you, equal to you

• देव (deva) - O god (vocative for the sun god) (god, deity, lord)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may he (my son) be (may it be, may he be, should be)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, indicates quoted speech

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, thereafter

• अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I said, I spoke

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (Brahmin) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

रक्षती (rakṣatī) - I (who was) protecting (protecting, guarding)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rakṣat

rakṣat - protecting, guarding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root rakṣ (to protect) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

विप्रम् (vipram) - Brahmin, learned person

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, inspired, learned

शापात् (śāpāt) - from a curse, due to a curse

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation

Root: śap (class 1)

अनपराधिनम् (anaparādhinam) - innocent, faultless, guiltless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anaparādhin

anaparādhin - innocent, not offending, blameless

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+aparādhin)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• aparādhin – offender, guilty, criminal
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root rādh (to succeed, offend) with prefix apa and suffix -in.
  Prefix: apa
  Root: rādh (class 4)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

मे (me) - for me (expressing desire for a son) (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Also used as dative.

त्वत्-समः (tvat-samaḥ) - like you, equal to you

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvat-sama

tvat-sama - like you, equal to you

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvad+sama)

• tvad – you (base form for compounds)
  pronoun
  Base for second person singular pronoun.
• sama – equal, like, similar
  adjective (masculine)

देव (deva) - O god (vocative for the sun god) (god, deity, lord)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

Root: div (class 4)

भवेत् (bhavet) - may he (my son) be (may it be, may he be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood

Derived from root bhū (to be) in optative mood.

Root: bhū (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, indicates quoted speech

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base tad.

अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I said, I spoke

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

Derived from root brū (to speak) in imperfect tense.

Root: brū (class 2)