महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-38, verse-11

स मामुवाच तिग्मांशुर्वृथाह्वानं न ते क्षमम् ।
धक्ष्यामि त्वां च विप्रं च येन दत्तो वरस्तव ॥११॥

11. sa māmuvāca tigmāṁśurvṛthāhvānaṁ na te kṣamam ,
dhakṣyāmi tvāṁ ca vipraṁ ca yena datto varastava.

11. saḥ mām uvāca tigmāṃśuḥ vṛthā āhvānam na te kṣamam
dhakṣyāmi tvām ca vipram ca yena dattaḥ varaḥ tava

11. tigmāṃśuḥ saḥ mām uvāca te vṛthā āhvānam na kṣamam
dhakṣyāmi tvām ca vipram ca yena tava varaḥ dattaḥ

11. That radiant deity (the sun) said to me, 'Your futile invocation is not appropriate for you. I will burn you and also the Brahmin by whom this boon was granted to you.'

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the Sun deity. (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• माम् (mām) - The speaker (Draupadi) as the object. (me)

• उवाच (uvāca) - The Sun deity spoke to Draupadi. (said, spoke)

• तिग्मांशुः (tigmāṁśuḥ) - The Sun deity, emphasizing his powerful, radiant nature. (hot-rayed, sharp-rayed (epithet of the sun))

• वृथा (vṛthā) - The invocation was pointless or without proper cause. (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly)

• आह्वानम् (āhvānam) - The act of calling upon the Sun deity. (invocation, call, summons)

• न (na) - Negates the appropriateness of the invocation. (not, no)

• ते (te) - The invocation is not proper *for* you. (to you, for you, your)

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - The invocation is not fitting. (proper, suitable, allowable)

• धक्ष्यामि (dhakṣyāmi) - The Sun deity threatens to burn. (I will burn)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - The direct object of the threat, Draupadi. (you (accusative singular))

• च (ca) - Connects 'earth' and 'sky'. (and, also)

• विप्रम् (vipram) - The sage who granted the boon. (Brahmin, sage)

• च (ca) - Connects 'earth' and 'sky'. (and, also)

• येन (yena) - Refers to the Brahmin as the agent of granting the boon. (by whom (masculine instrumental singular))

• दत्तः (dattaḥ) - The boon was granted by the Brahmin. (given, granted)

• वरः (varaḥ) - The boon granted to Draupadi. (boon, blessing)

• तव (tava) - The boon given to Draupadi. (your, to you)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the Sun deity. (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

माम् (mām) - The speaker (Draupadi) as the object. (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of 'agamat'.

उवाच (uvāca) - The Sun deity spoke to Draupadi. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Indicative

From root 'vac' (to speak) in the perfect past tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb, subject is 'saḥ'.

तिग्मांशुः (tigmāṁśuḥ) - The Sun deity, emphasizing his powerful, radiant nature. (hot-rayed, sharp-rayed (epithet of the sun))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tigmāṃśu

tigmāṁśu - hot-rayed, sharp-rayed (epithet of the sun)

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tigma+aṃśu)

• tigma – sharp, hot, keen
  adjective (masculine)
• aṃśu – ray, beam
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for 'saḥ' (the sun).

वृथा (vṛthā) - The invocation was pointless or without proper cause. (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'āhvānam'.

आह्वानम् (āhvānam) - The act of calling upon the Sun deity. (invocation, call, summons)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āhvāna

āhvāna - calling, summoning, invitation

gerundive noun

From root 'hvā' (to call) with upasarga 'ā' and suffix '-ana'.

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'na kṣamam'.

न (na) - Negates the appropriateness of the invocation. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - The invocation is not proper *for* you. (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Can also be genitive; here functions as dative of interest.

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - The invocation is not fitting. (proper, suitable, allowable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - able, fit, proper, patient, tolerable

From root kṣam (to be patient, capable).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'āhvānam'.

धक्ष्यामि (dhakṣyāmi) - The Sun deity threatens to burn. (I will burn)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of dah

Future Indicative

From root 'dah' (to burn) in the future tense, 1st person singular.

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied 'I' (the Sun).

त्वाम् (tvām) - The direct object of the threat, Draupadi. (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'dhakṣyāmi'.

च (ca) - Connects 'earth' and 'sky'. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

विप्रम् (vipram) - The sage who granted the boon. (Brahmin, sage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, learned man, sage

Note: Object of 'dhakṣyāmi'.

च (ca) - Connects 'earth' and 'sky'. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

येन (yena) - Refers to the Brahmin as the agent of granting the boon. (by whom (masculine instrumental singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what

Note: Agent of the action 'dattaḥ'.

दत्तः (dattaḥ) - The boon was granted by the Brahmin. (given, granted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, presented

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dā' (to give) with kta suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'varaḥ'.

वरः (varaḥ) - The boon granted to Draupadi. (boon, blessing)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, choice

Note: Subject of 'dattaḥ'.

तव (tava) - The boon given to Draupadi. (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive case, refers to 'varaḥ'.