महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-38, verse-10

स मामुवाच वेपन्तीं वरं मत्तो वृणीष्व ह ।
गम्यतामिति तं चाहं प्रणम्य शिरसावदम् ॥१०॥

10. sa māmuvāca vepantīṁ varaṁ matto vṛṇīṣva ha ,
gamyatāmiti taṁ cāhaṁ praṇamya śirasāvadam.

10. saḥ mām uvāca vepantīm varam mattaḥ vṛṇīṣva ha
gamyatām iti tam ca aham praṇamya śirasā avadam

10. saḥ vepantīm mām uvāca varam mattaḥ vṛṇīṣva ha
ca aham tam śirasā praṇamya gamyatām iti avadam

10. He said to me, who was trembling, 'Choose a boon from me.' And I, bowing my head to him, replied, 'You may depart.'

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the Sun deity. (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• माम् (mām) - The speaker (Draupadi) as the object. (me)

• उवाच (uvāca) - The Sun deity spoke to Draupadi. (said, spoke)

• वेपन्तीम् (vepantīm) - Describes the speaker (Draupadi) who was trembling. (trembling, shaking)

• वरम् (varam) - A requested or granted wish. (boon, blessing, choice)

• मत्तः (mattaḥ) - The boon is to be requested from the Sun deity. (from me)

• वृणीष्व (vṛṇīṣva) - The deity instructs Draupadi to select a boon. (choose, ask for)

• ह (ha) - An emphatic particle, stressing the command. (indeed, surely (particle))

• गम्यताम् (gamyatām) - Draupadi's response, dismissing the Sun. (let it be gone, you may go)

• इति (iti) - Signifies the end of Draupadi's speech. (thus, so (marks direct speech))

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the Sun deity. (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• च (ca) - Connects 'earth' and 'sky'. (and, also)

• अहम् (aham) - The speaker (Draupadi) (I)

• प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - Draupadi performed a respectful bow. (having bowed down, having saluted)

• शिरसा (śirasā) - Indicates the manner of bowing. (with the head)

• अवदम् (avadam) - Draupadi's utterance. (I spoke, I said)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the Sun deity. (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

माम् (mām) - The speaker (Draupadi) as the object. (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of 'agamat'.

उवाच (uvāca) - The Sun deity spoke to Draupadi. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Indicative

From root 'vac' (to speak) in the perfect past tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb, subject is 'saḥ'.

वेपन्तीम् (vepantīm) - Describes the speaker (Draupadi) who was trembling. (trembling, shaking)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vepant

vepant - trembling, shaking

Present Active Participle

From root 'vep' (to tremble) with śatṛ suffix.

Root: vep (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'mām'.

वरम् (varam) - A requested or granted wish. (boon, blessing, choice)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, choice, best

Note: Object of 'vṛṇīṣva'.

मत्तः (mattaḥ) - The boon is to be requested from the Sun deity. (from me)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Indicates source.

वृणीष्व (vṛṇīṣva) - The deity instructs Draupadi to select a boon. (choose, ask for)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vṛ

Imperative Middle Voice

From root 'vṛ' (to choose) in the imperative mood, middle voice, 2nd person singular.

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Command given by the Sun.

ह (ha) - An emphatic particle, stressing the command. (indeed, surely (particle))

(indeclinable)

गम्यताम् (gamyatām) - Draupadi's response, dismissing the Sun. (let it be gone, you may go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of gam

Imperative Passive Voice

From root 'gam' (to go) in the imperative mood, passive voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The subject 'you' is implied.

इति (iti) - Signifies the end of Draupadi's speech. (thus, so (marks direct speech))

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - Refers to the Sun deity. (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'praṇamya'.

च (ca) - Connects 'earth' and 'sky'. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - The speaker (Draupadi) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - Draupadi performed a respectful bow. (having bowed down, having saluted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'nam' (to bow) with upasarga 'pra' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Connects to the main verb 'avadam'.

शिरसा (śirasā) - Indicates the manner of bowing. (with the head)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

Note: Instrument of the action 'praṇamya'.

अवदम् (avadam) - Draupadi's utterance. (I spoke, I said)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vad

Imperfect Indicative

From root 'vad' (to speak) in the imperfect past tense, 1st person singular.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Main verb, subject is 'aham'.