महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-85, verse-9

तं युध्यमानं राजानं क्षत्रधर्मे व्यवस्थितम् ।
पार्थोऽब्रवीन्न मे वध्या राजानो राजशासनात् ।
अलं युद्धेन ते वीर न तेऽस्त्यद्य पराजयः ॥९॥

9. taṁ yudhyamānaṁ rājānaṁ kṣatradharme vyavasthitam ,
pārtho'bravīnna me vadhyā rājāno rājaśāsanāt ,
alaṁ yuddhena te vīra na te'styadya parājayaḥ.

9. tam yudhyamānam rājānam kṣatradharme
vyavasthitam pārthaḥ abravīt na me
vadhyāḥ rājānaḥ rājaśāsanāt alam
yuddhena te vīra na te asti adya parājayaḥ

9. pārthaḥ tam yudhyamānam kṣatradharme
vyavasthitam rājānam abravīt rājaśāsanāt
me rājānaḥ na vadhyāḥ vīra te
yuddhena alam adya te parājayaḥ na asti

9. To that king, who was fighting and upholding the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a warrior, Pārtha (Arjuna) said: "Kings are not to be slain by me according to royal command. Enough of fighting for you, O hero; you have no defeat today."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - fighting, engaged in battle

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• क्षत्रधर्मे (kṣatradharme) - in the (dharma) of a warrior, in the duty of a kṣatriya

• व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - established, situated, upholding, abiding by

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha, Arjuna

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• न (na) - not

• मे (me) - by me, for me

• वध्याः (vadhyāḥ) - to be killed, killable, slayable

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• राजशासनात् (rājaśāsanāt) - by royal command, by the king's order

• अलम् (alam) - enough, stop, no more

• युद्धेन (yuddhena) - with fighting, by battle

• ते (te) - for you, to you

• वीर (vīra) - O hero

• न (na) - not

• ते (te) - for you, to you

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat, conquest

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - fighting, engaged in battle

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, warring, engaged in battle

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yudh (to fight) with present active participle suffix -māna (ātmanepada form).

Root: yudh (class 4)

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

क्षत्रधर्मे (kṣatradharme) - in the (dharma) of a warrior, in the duty of a kṣatriya

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - duty of a kṣatriya, warrior's (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior class, dominion, rule, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - established, situated, upholding, abiding by

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - established, situated, fixed, regulated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefixes vi- and ava-.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha, Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna (or any of the Pāṇḍavas)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (past) (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - by me, for me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Can also be dative or genitive. Here, used as agent for the gerundive 'vadhyāḥ'.

वध्याः (vadhyāḥ) - to be killed, killable, slayable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhya

vadhya - to be killed, killable, liable to be killed

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) by substitution of vadh, with gerundive suffix -ya.

Root: han (class 2)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

राजशासनात् (rājaśāsanāt) - by royal command, by the king's order

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rājaśāsana

rājaśāsana - royal command, royal decree, king's order

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+śāsana)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• śāsana – command, decree, instruction, rule
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śās (class 2)

अलम् (alam) - enough, stop, no more

(indeclinable)

युद्धेन (yuddhena) - with fighting, by battle

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, combat, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

ते (te) - for you, to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, plural)

Note: Can also be genitive.

वीर (vīra) - O hero

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - for you, to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, plural)

Note: Can also be genitive.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat, conquest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājaya

parājaya - defeat, conquest, vanquishing