महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-85, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
शकुनेस्तु सुतो वीरो गान्धाराणां महारथः ।
प्रत्युद्ययौ गुडाकेशं सैन्येन महता वृतः ।
हस्त्यश्वरथपूर्णेन पताकाध्वजमालिना ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
śakunestu suto vīro gāndhārāṇāṁ mahārathaḥ ,
pratyudyayau guḍākeśaṁ sainyena mahatā vṛtaḥ ,
hastyaśvarathapūrṇena patākādhvajamālinā.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca śakuneḥ tu sutaḥ
vīraḥ gāndhārāṇām mahārathaḥ pratyudyayau
guḍākeśam sainyena mahatā vṛtaḥ
hastyaśvarathapūrṇena patākādhvajamālinā

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, Śakuni's heroic son, a great warrior (mahāratha) among the Gandhāras, advanced to meet Guḍākeśa [Arjuna]. He was accompanied by a vast army, complete with elephants, horses, and chariots, and adorned with flags and banners.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शकुनेः (śakuneḥ) - of Śakuni

• तु (tu) - then (but, on the other hand, indeed, then)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave, powerful

• गान्धाराणाम् (gāndhārāṇām) - of the Gandhāras (people)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, commander of many chariots

• प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - went to meet, came to oppose

• गुडाकेशम् (guḍākeśam) - Guḍākeśa (Arjuna)

• सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army, with the army

• महता (mahatā) - by a great, with a great

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, accompanied, chosen

• हस्त्यश्वरथपूर्णेन (hastyaśvarathapūrṇena) - filled with elephants, horses, and chariots

• पताकाध्वजमालिना (patākādhvajamālinā) - adorned with flags and banners, garlanded with flags and banners

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: The speaker.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, from √vac (to speak), irregular perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

शकुनेः (śakuneḥ) - of Śakuni

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (a proper name)

Note: Possessive, refers to the father of the hero.

तु (tu) - then (but, on the other hand, indeed, then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction, often introduces a new sentence or clause.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, produced, born

Past Passive Participle (from √sū to bear, beget)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'pratyudyayau'.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave, powerful

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Appositive to 'sutaḥ'.

गान्धाराणाम् (gāndhārāṇām) - of the Gandhāras (people)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gāndhāra

gāndhāra - a person from Gandhāra, the people of Gandhāra

Note: Indicates belonging or leadership over the Gandhāra people.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great warrior, commander of many chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one capable of fighting 10,000 archers, commander of many chariots

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, war-car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'sutaḥ'.

प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - went to meet, came to oppose

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of prati-ud-yā

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, from √yā with prefixes prati- and ud-

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

गुडाकेशम् (guḍākeśam) - Guḍākeśa (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guḍākeśa

guḍākeśa - Guḍākeśa (epithet of Arjuna, 'one who has overcome sleep')

Bahuvrīhi compound: guḍākā (sleep) + īśa (master).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (guḍākā+īśa)

• guḍākā – sleep, ignorance
  noun (feminine)
• īśa – master, lord
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 4)

Note: Object of 'pratyudyayau'.

सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army, with the army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, troops, military host

Derived from senā (army)

Note: Accompaniment for the subject.

महता (mahatā) - by a great, with a great

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, immense

Note: Adjective modifying 'sainyena'.

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, accompanied, chosen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, encompassed, chosen, covered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vṛ (to cover, encompass, choose)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'sutaḥ'.

हस्त्यश्वरथपूर्णेन (hastyaśvarathapūrṇena) - filled with elephants, horses, and chariots

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of hastyaśvarathapūrṇa

hastyaśvarathapūrṇa - filled with elephants, horses, and chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hastin+aśva+ratha+pūrṇa)

• hastin – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• pūrṇa – full, complete, filled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √pṛ (to fill)
  Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Adjective modifying 'sainyena'.

पताकाध्वजमालिना (patākādhvajamālinā) - adorned with flags and banners, garlanded with flags and banners

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of patākādhvajamālin

patākādhvajamālin - adorned with flags and banners

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (patākā+dhvaja+mālin)

• patākā – banner, flag
  noun (feminine)
• dhvaja – flag, banner, standard
  noun (masculine)
• mālin – having a garland, adorned with, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from mālā (garland) with suffix -in

Note: Adjective modifying 'sainyena'.