महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-85, verse-12

तद्दृष्ट्वा विस्मयं जग्मुर्गान्धाराः सर्व एव ते ।
इच्छता तेन न हतो राजेत्यपि च ते विदुः ॥१२॥

12. taddṛṣṭvā vismayaṁ jagmurgāndhārāḥ sarva eva te ,
icchatā tena na hato rājetyapi ca te viduḥ.

12. tat dṛṣṭvā vismayam jagmuḥ gāndhārāḥ sarve eva te
icchata tena na hataḥ rājā iti api ca te viduḥ

12. te sarve eva gāndhārāḥ tat dṛṣṭvā vismayam jagmuḥ
ca te api viduḥ iti tena icchata rājā na hataḥ

12. Having witnessed that, all those Gāndhāras were indeed astonished. And they also understood that the king was not killed by him out of his own desire.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - referring to Arjuna's action of removing the helmet (that (neuter acc. sg.))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• विस्मयम् (vismayam) - wonder, astonishment (masc. acc. sg.)

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they were struck with, they fell into (they went, they reached)

• गान्धाराः (gāndhārāḥ) - the Gāndhāras, people of Gāndhāra (masc. nom. pl.)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (masc. nom. pl.)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• ते (te) - they (masc. nom. pl.)

• इच्छत (icchata) - by Arjuna, out of his desire (by the one wishing, by the willing (masc. instr. sg.))

• तेन (tena) - by Arjuna (by him (masc. instr. sg.))

• न (na) - not

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck (masc. nom. sg.)

• राजा (rājā) - Jayadratha (the king (masc. nom. sg.))

• इति (iti) - thus, so (introducing a quote or thought)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• च (ca) - and

• ते (te) - they (masc. nom. pl.)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they knew

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - referring to Arjuna's action of removing the helmet (that (neuter acc. sg.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix 'ktvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विस्मयम् (vismayam) - wonder, astonishment (masc. acc. sg.)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vismaya

vismaya - wonder, astonishment, surprise

From root 'smi' (to smile) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they were struck with, they fell into (they went, they reached)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ)

Perfect (Liṭ) Active Voice, 3rd Person Plural

From root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'gāndhārāḥ'.

गान्धाराः (gāndhārāḥ) - the Gāndhāras, people of Gāndhāra (masc. nom. pl.)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gāndhāra

gāndhāra - a native or king of Gāndhāra (a region)

Derived from Gāndhāra (the country).

सर्वे (sarve) - all (masc. nom. pl.)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

ते (te) - they (masc. nom. pl.)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they

Note: Subject of 'viduḥ'.

इच्छत (icchata) - by Arjuna, out of his desire (by the one wishing, by the willing (masc. instr. sg.))

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - wishing, desiring

Present Active Participle

From root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire) with suffix 'śatṛ'.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Agent of 'na hataḥ'.

तेन (tena) - by Arjuna (by him (masc. instr. sg.))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Agent of the passive construction 'na hataḥ rājā'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck (masc. nom. sg.)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - Jayadratha (the king (masc. nom. sg.))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so (introducing a quote or thought)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Particle.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

ते (te) - they (masc. nom. pl.)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they

Note: Subject of 'viduḥ'.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they knew

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ)

Perfect (Liṭ) Active Voice, 3rd Person Plural

From root 'vid' (to know), 2nd class (adādi), perfect form.

Root: vid (class 2)